The objective of this paper is to discuss the problem related to workplace health and safety. Workplace health and safety hazards are mostly preventable provided proper precautions are taken in proper time to avoid costly losses of life and property. It proceeds with the identification of hazards related to the industry and designing a system to manage the heat problem. Starting in 1987 the us petrochemicals is a texas corporation operating in over 30 countries now.

The company is operating successfully in meeting the demands of its customers across the globe which is beneficial for the company itself in many ways. The company has earned a worldwide reputation for its workplace health and safety management. Common workplace health and safety hazards include: transportation accidents, slipping and falling, communicable diseases, toxic events, chemical and gas exposure, workplace violence, electrocution, getting struck by objects, explosion, repetitive motion, hearing loss and ergonomic injuries, heat stress, etc. Heat situation is the most common incident at any chemical industry and the us petrochemical is not an exception and there is a well defined and established system to manage risk at the us petrochemicals which is discussed in detail in the following paragraphs crockford and neil, 1986. At the us petrochemicals there are various ways for identifying hazards at workplace: inspection: a regular walk through the workplace with a hazard checklist is a direct way of identifying many hazards. The inspection should be for physical things as well as the systems of work and work procedures.

Sometimes simple matters like non functioning of risk control or it is not being used or not things not kept at appropriate place, be detected which don’t need formal risk assessment and immediate action can be taken to control or eliminate the risk. Sometimes the inspection walk through detects a situation of immediate and substantial danger to working people hubbard and douglas, 2009. finding and applying available information: there are many sources of information which can be made readily available for particular industry or job or type of activity. Many organizations which work for the health and safety of the people publish both hard and soft copies of information on a wide range of ohs topics and industries. Industry unions and associations can provide substantial information about industrial and job hazards, this is essential to the workplace health and safety manager.

testing and measuring: often measurements are required to decide about any action specially in case of hazards like noise and atmospheric contaminants. Simple machines like noise meters, atmospheric testing machine can be used for the purpose. surveys of employees and others at the workplace: information about occupational stress, workplace bullying, muscle or skeletal aches and pains which may be signal for potential hazard, can be obtained from the people by conducting surveys at the workplace. analysing records and data: another way of identifying hazard is to analyse data and records. Records and data of incidents and injuries are valuable source of information about hazards. some organizations mostly large ones even have records or data which show trends of injury or incident. There are many safety authorities which publish data and records about the common sources of injury for different industries. The process of developing understanding and knowledge of risks and hazards to take suitable decision to control them is called risk assessment.

Existence of understanding and knowledge and understanding of risks and hazards minimizes the necessity of risk assessment. At the us petrochemicals the objective of risk management is to determine

what is the level of harm that can occur how will the harm occur what are the chances of occurring harm a risk assessment should be tailored to the organization and the situation in which it is to be conducted. It should be done when the knowledge and understanding about a risk or hazard is limited or there is uncertainty about its outcome or everything that may go wrong is estimated or there is uncertainty about the impact of hazards upon each other to produce greater or new risks deloach j. The risk control strategies vary as per the need of the organization and the situation.

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The strategies mentioned below can be used in an appropriate combination or independently. normally they are used in a combination at the us petrochemicals. They are as follows: eliminating risk – elimination of risk is the most effective action which can be taken to control risk. In such cases as many risks associated with the hazards as possible can be eliminated british occupational hygiene society technical guide. avoiding risk: risk avoidance means to avoid activities which may lead to possibility of loss. This is a calculated decision which may also mean to avoid earning profits because no risk no gain.

For unavoidable losses, the methods of ‘minimize the severity of injury or financial impact’ should be used. reducing risks practically it is not possible in many cases to eliminate hazards or risks but steps can be taken for changing the risk to reduce it. It is the most effective way because it is comparatively less reliant on people performing faultlessly. It can be done by substituting the risk with a lesser risk, by changing the process of work, using technology and isolating people from exposure. The aim of the risk control techniques is to minimize high losses and not to prevent, avoid or reduce any single operation or asset. A business can occupy different buildings at different locations instead of one big building. Transferring risk: transferring risk means making such contracts with parties, other than insurance companies, such as vendors, service providers, suppliers and contractors which include transferring risk to them.

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changing exposure of people to risk the behavior of the people or the way they expose themselves to the risk can be changed to control the risk. This can be done by improving the skills of the people which will limit the chance of failure, by limiting the time of exposure and by providing protective equipment to them. The responsibility of a workplace health and safety manager is not only to establish only a system to control risk or hazard but also to ensure its proper implementation according to a suitable approach of the organization.