Example of an annotated outline an annotated outline is an important part of the pre writing and research process. The annotated outline can help you to see your arguments played out and how different parts of the paper will relate to one another. this helps to make your writing a cohesive whole. Write the annotated outline only after you have conducted preliminary research. if you begin writing it before you have compiled any research you will not know enough about your topic or the direction of your paper to properly outline. the first step in constructing your annotated outline is typing in one sentence the thesis or purpose of your paper. this is what you are going to argue, or demonstrate to the reader in the course of her reading the paper. Next, you will outline the paper. instead of writing keywords as you would in a regular outline, you will write out a description of what you intend to write or argue in a particular paragraph. include all major arguments and sub arguments. it also may be helpful to outline what you will use as a transition between one section of your paper and another. Finally, double check your annotated outline for consistency. make sure your arguments are well supported. if there are any holes that need to be filled, now is the time to acquire that additional source material not when you are halfway through writing the paper.

After getting shut down late last year, a website that allows free access to paywalled academic papers has sprung back up in a shadowy corner of the internet. There’s a battle raging over whether academic research should be free, and it’s overflowing into the dark web. Most modern scholarly work remains locked behind paywalls, and unless your computer is on the network of a university with an expensive subscription, you have to pay a fee, often around 30 dollars, to access each paper.

Many scholars say this system makes publishers rich elsevier, a company that controls access to more than 2,0 journals, has a market capitalization about equal to that of delta airlines but does not benefit the academics that conducted the research, or the public at large. Others worry that free academic journals would have a hard time upholding the rigorous standards and peer reviews that the most prestigious paid journals are famous for. Some years ago, a university student in kazakhstan took it upon herself to set free the vast trove of paywalled academic research.

That student, alexandra elbakyan, developed sci hub, an online tool that allows users to easily download paywalled papers for free. Sci hub uses university networks to access subscription only academic papers, generally without the knowledge of the academic institutions. When a user asks sci hub to access a paid article, the service will download it from a university that subscribes to the database that owns it. As it delivers the user a pdf of the requested article, it also saves a copy on its own server, so that next time someone requests the paper, they can download the cached version. Last year, elsevier sued sci hub and an associated website called library genesis for violating its copyright. The two websites operate an international network of piracy and copyright infringement by circumventing legal and authorized means of access to the sciencedirect database, elsevier’s lawyers wrote in a court filing, referring to the company’s subscription database. A judge for the new york southern district court ruled in favor of the publisher, and sci hub’s domain, sci hub.org, was shut down.

But even if the new domain gets shut down, too, sci hub will still be accessible on the dark web, a part of the internet often associated with drugs, weapons, and child porn. Like its seedy dark web neighbors, the sci hub site is accessible only through tor, a network of computers that passes web requests through a randomized series of servers in order to preserve visitors’ anonymity. Illegal activity thrives on this part of the internet, partly because its contents aren’t visible to search engines like google. The tor network makes it very difficult to know where an offending server is, allowing sites like silk road, a prominent drug marketplace, to survive for years. Silk road was finally shut down in 2013 and its creator, ross ulbricht, was sentenced to life in prison. But the investigation that took down the silk road took up countless government resources. It’s unlikely the new sci hub website would attract the same amount of negative attention, so the website is likely safe behind the many layers of encryption that protect sites on the dark web.

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So why go through all this trouble to provide access to pirated academic research? in a letter submitted to the new york district court where she was being sued, elbakyan said her experience as a student in kazakhstan drove her to set up the website. Paying upwards of 30 dollars to access a paper is insane, she wrote, when researchers regularly need to access tens or even hundreds of articles. Elbakyan says free access to academic research also helps promote researchers’ independence.

Today, subscription prices are very high an individual person cannot pay them, she wrote to me in an email. You need to join one of the few available research institutions, and for that you need to conform to … standards that suppress creativity. Websites like sci hub and library genesis have a lot of support from the academic community, including from the authors whose work is being traded for free in shadowy corners of the internet. In 2012, during a large scale academic boycott of elsevier, even well endowed harvard university announced it was having trouble paying large publishers’ annual fees. We faculty do the research, write the papers, referee papers by other researchers, serve on editorial boards, all of it for free … and then we buy back the results of our labour at outrageous prices, the former director of the university’s library told the guardian . well organized boycotts and open access movements continue to flourish in academia. After elsevier’s lawsuit against sci hub succeeded late last year, a group of researchers, writers, and artists created a website with an open letter in support of sci hub. Likening elsevier to the the greedy businessman in antoine de saint exupéry’s the little prince, a character who spends all his time mindlessly accumulating a stockpile of stars for profit, the group wrote that the lawsuit was a big blow to researchers around the world.

It parasites on our labor, it thwarts our service to the public, it denies us access. There will always be techniques for accessing paywalled research for free, even without services like sci hub. Some of them are much less complex than elbakyan’s website: researchers and scholars often use the hashtag icanhazpdf on twitter to ask fellow academics for paywalled articles. There’s even been scholarly work published that analyzes the phenomenon appropriately, the research is free online.

But sci hub’s ingenious methods automate the process, cut out middle men on twitter, and don’t advertise the request for, essentially, pirated research. And elbakyan says her website’s presence on the dark web will help keep it accessible even if legal action dismantles sci hub’s new home on the easily accessible surface web. online papers on the all academic site are available from the 2007 conference to the present. Copies of presented papers will be offered free of charge to aejmc members on a password protected site.

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Instructions for obtaining conference papers are e mailed to aejmc members and may also be accessed by the links located in the upper left box. Members may visit the site multiple times and retrieve papers at no charge each time. This service is a member benefit and the association wants to preserve free access to the conference papers. To abide by the all academic contract, the association must insist that aejmc members do not provide their personal password to anyone who is not a current member of aejmc. conference paper archive by year all academic is committed to making research available to scholars at a reasonable price. Conference papers are available for download to non members of aejmc for a user fee.

aejmc non member access fees for downloading aejmc conference papers at all academic: first downloaded paper $7 each additional paper in purchase session $5 online conference papers on this web site are available from the 1993 to 2006 conferences. Papers are only available only if the authors gave permission for online dissemination and provided the paper on disk. The papers are on a web site at michigan state university where they are being stored. Download papers from this site at hard copies of conference papers until the 2006 conference may be ordered from the aejmc central office. Papers are only available if the authors granted permission for copies to be made. Please include the conference year, accepting group, authors name and the paper title when requesting papers.