Hepatitis e virus hev is a major cause of outbreaks and sporadic cases of viral hepatitis in tropical and subtropical countries but is infrequent in industrialized countries. The virus is transmitted by the fecal oral route with fecally contaminated drinking water being the usual vehicle. Hepatitis resulting from hev infection is a moderately severe jaundice that is selflimiting in most patients. Young adults, 15 to 30 years of age, are the main targets of infection, and the overall death rate is 0.5 to 3.0%.

Death of the mother and fetus, abortion, premature delivery, or death of a live born baby soon after birth are common complications of hepatitis e infection during pregnancy. Hepatitis e virus is found in both wild and domestic animals thus, hev is a zoonotic virus. The viruses isolated from swine in the united states or taiwan are closely related to human hev found in those areas. The close genetic relationship of the swine and human virus suggests that swine may be a reservoir of hev. In areas where swine are raised, swine manure could be a source of hev contamination of irrigation water or coastal waters with concomitant contamination of produce or shellfish. Increasing globalization of food markets by industrialized countries has the potential of introducing hev into new areas of the world.

The purpose of this review is to cover certain aspects of hepatitis e including the causative agent, the disease, diagnosis, viral detection, viral transmission, epidemiology, populations targeted by hev, and the role of animals as potential vectors of the virus. document type: research article affiliations: u.s. Department of agriculture, agricultural research service, eastern regional research center, 600 east mermaid lane, wyndmoor, pennsylvania 19038, usa publication date: 1 апрель 2001 г. More about this publication? iafp members with personal subscriptions to jfp online: to access full text jfp or jmft articles, you must sign in in the upper right corner using your ingenta sign in details your iafp member login does not apply to this website. the journal of food protection jfp is a refereed monthly publication.

Each issue contains scientific research and authoritative review articles reporting on a variety of topics in food science pertaining to food safety and quality. The journal is internationally recognized as the leading publication in the field of food microbiology with a readership exceeding 11,0 scientists from 70 countries. The journal of food protection is indexed in index medicus, current contents, biosis, pubmed, medline, and many others. Print and online subscriptions are available to iafp members and institutional subscribers. Iafp members with a subscription to jfp online will have access to all available jfp and jmft content.

Online visitors who are not iafp members or journal subscribers will be charged on a pay per view basis. Doi: 10.1002/jmv.23526 carlos i health institute, madrid, spain national institute of infectious diseases, buenos aires, argentina instituto oswaldo cruz, fiocruz, rio de janeiro, brazil to use the sharing features on this page, please enable javascript. The hepatitis virus panel is a series of blood tests used to detect current or past infection by hepatitis a. It can screen blood samples for more than one kind of hepatitis virus at the same time. Blood is most often drawn from a vein the inside of the elbow or the back of the hand. The health care provider wraps an elastic band around the upper arm to apply pressure to the area and make the vein swell with blood.

In infants or young children, a sharp tool called a lancet may be used to puncture the skin and make it bleed. Blood serology tests are used to check for antibodies to each of the hepatitis viruses. Affiliation: faculty of biology and medicine, university of lausanne, lausanne, switzerland affiliation: infectious diseases service, centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois, lausanne, switzerland affiliation: service of immunology and allergy, centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois, lausanne, switzerland the aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of hepatitis e virus hev among blood donors in southwest switzerland. Hev is recognized as a food borne disease in industrialized countries, transmitted mainly through pork meat. Recent studies have revealed seroprevalence rates of 13.5%, 16.6% and 20.6% among blood donors in england, france and denmark, respectively. We analyzed 550 consecutive blood donor samples collected in the region of lausanne, canton of vaud, switzerland, for the presence of anti hev igg, using the mp diagnostics hev elisa kit. However, we observed a peak in seroprevalence of 5.3% in individuals aged 51 to 70 years old.

American History Term Paper

Compared with other european countries, hev seroprevalence among blood donors in southwest switzerland is low. The low seroprevalence may be explained by the sensitivity of commercial tests used and/or the strict regulation of animal and meat imports. Data regarding hev prevalence in swiss livestock are lacking and merit exploration. citation: kaufmann a, kenfak foguena a, andré c, canellini g, bürgisser p, moradpour d, et al. 2011 hepatitis e virus seroprevalence among blood donors in southwest switzerland. Tavis, saint louis university, united states of america received: february 11, 2011 accepted: may 20, 2011 published: june 20, 2011 copyright: © 2011 kaufmann et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the creative commons attribution license, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.