Canada is located in the northern portion of the continent of north america, extending, in general, from the 49th parallel northward to the islands of the arctic ocean. Its eastern and western boundaries are the atlantic and pacific oceans respectively. The easternmost portion of the country is a riverine and maritime environment, consisting of the provinces of newfoundland, labrador, nova scotia, prince edward island, and new brunswick. The central portion of the country, in its southern areas, is primarily boreal forest the provinces of ontario and quebec. This forest region extends across the entire country from the eastern slopes of the rocky mountains through to the atlantic coast, and is dominated by coniferous trees. The largest segment of the population resides in the central carolinian region, which has the richest and most varied agricultural land and, because the great lakes waterway system dominates the central portion of the country, is also where most of the major manufacturing is located.

The savanna or prairie region is more sparsely populated, with several large urban centers in a network across the region, which is dominated by grain farming, cattle and other livestock production, and more recently, oil and natural gas extraction. The two coastal regions, which have some agricultural production, are best characterized by the dominance of port cities through which import and export goods move. In the northern section of the center of the country, also sparsely populated, resource extraction of minerals and lumber, has predominated. The effect of this concentration of the population, employment, and productive power in the central region of the country has been the concentration of political power in this region, as well as the development over time of intense regional rivalries and disparities in quality of life. Equally important, as employment in the center came to dominate gross national production, immigration has tended to flow into the center. This has created a diverse cultural mix in the central region of the country, while the prairie and the eastern maritime region have stabilized ethnically and culturally. The consequence of these diverse geographies has been the development of a rhetoric of regional cultures: prairie, maritime, central, and because of its special isolation, west coast.

Local cultural identity is often marked by expressions of contrasting values in which rural residents characterize themselves as harder working, more honest, and more deeply committed to community cooperation, in contrast to urban dwellers pic who are characterized by rural residents as greedy, dishonest, arrogant, and self interested. Urban dwellers express their own identities as more modern and forward looking, more sophisticated, and more liberal in their overall social values, and perceive rural residents as conservative, overdependent on outmoded traditions, unsophisticated, and simple minded. This distinction is most explicit in quebec, but also plays a key role in political, social, and cultural contentions in ontario. However, others argue that if the two countries share some aspects of a common cultural heritage, there is also a growing separate and identifiable canadian culture. In particular, they cite what they see as a greater integration of amerindian culture retention of traditions from the early french and english settlers and a significant infusion of celtic immigrants in later phases of the history of the country. Since the 1970s, the government of canada is pursuing an official policy of multiculturalism to give way to more recent immigrants from countries besides france and the british isles.

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The first features of contemporary canadian culture were put back in the age of discovery. In 1497, at the end of june john cabot discovered the island, which he called newfoundland. This marked the beginning of settlement and development in canada, which was not without struggle, not only with the local population, but also between the two european nations, the french and british. The presence in the future state of the two nationalities that did not assimilate each other, did not create a synthesis of the two cultures, led to the duality of the culture, which was strengthened by introducing an official second language in 1969. Due to this, for example, in canada, there are modern concepts such as: english canadian literature and québec french literature. Given that few canadians know both official languages in 1996 only 17% of the population could be fluent in english and french suggests that the differences in these two areas of culture are present now. Trudeau believed that bilingualism will contribute to national reconciliation in canada.

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Settlers who came to canada brought with them their customs, traditions, language, religion, and culture. Colonists in the new territories tried to recreate the lifestyle that they had in england or in france. And after the establishment in 1867 of the dominion of canada, the country experienced the cultural influence of the metropolitan a strong cultural influence of france in the province of quebec and that of england in the rest of the country.

As a result of long term impact of metropolitan, the culture of canada was much closer to the european traditions. Various factors such as climate, external threats, led to certain changes in the canadian lifestyle. These changes are reflected in the language linguists claim of exceptional canadian english and culture, but they were minor. Until the 19th century in canada there were no professional writers and artists in the mainstream literature and visual arts trends of the dominion were taken in england, for the english speaking part of the country, and in france for the french speaking population of canada. Try our writing service! the cultural industries sectoral advisory group on international trade sagit is part of the federal government's advisory system on international trade. It provides a means for officials from the global affairs canada and the department of canadian heritage to consult with representatives of canada's cultural industries. as a nation, canada has developed a vibrant cultural sector, with numerous cultural institutions, a diverse publishing industry, a talented music industry, a dynamic cultural new media industry and critically acclaimed film and television industries.

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As countries become more economically integrated, nations need strong domestic cultures and cultural expression to maintain their sovereignty and sense of identity. Indeed some have argued that the worldwide impact of globalization is manifesting itself in the reaffirmation of local cultures. Canadian books, magazines, songs, films, new media, radio and television programs reflect who we are as a people. Cultural industries shape our society, develop our understanding of one another and give us a sense of pride in who we are as a nation.

Canada's cultural industries fulfil an essential and vital role in canadian society. In their effort to reach audiences, our cultural industries have always risen to the challenge of competition from foreign cultural producers. Their ability to create an enduring place in our lives is dependent on the creativity and talent of canada's artists, creators and producers. It also depends, in part, on government policies and programs that aim to promote canadian culture.

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The canadian government uses a combination of financial incentives, canadian content requirements, tax measures, rules on foreign investments and intellectual property tools to promote canadian culture. Working together, government and the cultural sector have been able to develop a policy and regulatory environment that ensures that canadians have access to the best the world has to offer while preserving a space for canadian culture. Over time, canada's cultural policies have evolved, constantly adapting to changes in both the domestic and the global markets.

As we approach the beginning of the 21st century, massive changes driven by technology and freer trade are creating both opportunities and challenges for our cultural industries. Digitization and the convergence of the broadcasting, cable, satellite and telecommunications sector are creating new technologies, which will compete with existing distribution systems. At the same time, there will be even greater opportunity to distribute canadian content both at home and abroad. Gt emerging technologies are offering canadians new communications tools but are also challenging the government's ability to enforce regulations designed to ensure that canadians have access to canadian cultural products. Note: here and throughout the paper cultural products refers to both goods and services. With the growth of multinational corporations and the vertical integration of entertainment, distribution and delivery systems and products, national policies are shifting and adapting to address these changes. The trend to more open markets and a free trading world make it more challenging to negotiate trade agreements that recognize cultural diversity and the unique nature of cultural products.

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Over the past few years, cultural policies designed for our own cultural industries have come under close international scrutiny. As a nation, we believe in the benefits of open markets, but we are concerned about the effect that global trade, combined with rapid technology change, may have on our ability to promote canadian culture. How should canada respond to these pressures? what is the right balance between domestic policies that promote canadian culture and trade policies that enable canada to prosper in a free trading world? members of the cultural industries sectoral advisory group on international trade sagit have examined the issues facing cultural industries. In this paper, the sagit describes the cultural policies now in place in canada, cultural policies used by other countries, and the growing pressure from technology and international trade agreements. In the sagit's view, there are two main approaches: the cultural exemption strategy used in the past, which takes culture off the table in international trade negotiations a new strategy that would involve negotiating a new international instrument that would specifically address cultural diversity, and acknowledge the legitimate role of domestic cultural policies in ensuring cultural diversity.