If necessary, include his middle initial, without a space after the first initial, and a period. In parentheses after the title, include the phrase master’s thesis followed by a period and a space. Followed by the identification number given in the item record as its publication number. I list the type of thesis, such as ms thesis or ma thesis, followed by a comma and space.

Write the name of the university followed by a comma and space, the location of the university followed by a comma and space and the year of publication. If you used an online database or a web site to access the thesis, list the date of access in the format day month year. Having trouble with getting started on your paper? would you like your paper edited before turning it in? this libguide is to help you use the american psychological association apa style guide, which is frequently used for the social sciences including education, management, psychology, and the health sciences. Reference formats examples and explanations for citing your sources in the various formats for your references list 2.

Formatting your paper how to set up your paper including the margins, font, and your references list, and view a sample paper 3. In text citations also known as parenthetical notation how to cite your references in the text of your paper 4. Endnote bibliographic citation software, which can help format your citations and is freely available for download to css faculty, staff, and students 5. Ethically use sources information on the college 39 s academic honesty policy and turnitin, an online tool to detect where sources need to be cited note: this guide is in no way a replacement for the actual manual, which is several hundred pages long, and can be found in the library on reserve or at a bookstore near you. Please consult the apa 6th edition manual for authoritative information in greater detail.

The definitive guide for apa american psychological association style is kept at the reference desk in mullins library: american psychological association. Apa style stipulates that authors use brief references in the text of a work with full bibliographic details supplied in a reference list. In text, the reference is very brief and usually consists simply of the author's last name and a date. The apa publication manual gives detailed instructions for references in text on pages 207 214. What is included in a reference in text depends on many variables, including the wording of your sentence, the number of works by the same author in your full reference list, and the nature of the source being cited. Many experts stress the use of scholarly attribution in academic writing librarian 2005. Librarian has observed in one work that some citation guidelines are suggestive rather than prescriptive 2005a while claiming the opposite in another 2005b.

What is most important is that your references in text are consistent and give your reader a clear idea of the source being cited. update: with the publication of this new edition of the publication manual. Retrieval date is no longer necessary for most fixed forms of publication that will not be routinely updated. Retrieval date and database name should still be included for online encyclopedia entries, web pages, or other continuously updated resources. The apa now prefers that authors provide the doi digital object identifier for electronic publications, when available. Dois are unique alphanumeric codes assigned to each unique article, chapter, book, or other publication by publishers who cooperate in using the doi standard. You will often find the doi displayed prominently in the bibliographic information for a publication.

While many publishers have routinely included dois for electronic publications in the last decade, you may have retrieved your citation from an index database such as web of science, psycinfo. If you would like to locate a doi for an article you are citing, you can use the doi lookup tool at the crossref.org site. A concluding period should not follow the doi, if it is the last element in the citation. If no doi is available for an electronic publication, the apa recommends that retrieved from database name or url be added to the end of the citation. If the database name is the last element, include a period following the database name.

An easy way to remember this rule is that the final period might confuse readers about where the url or doi actually ends. Below are some examples of apa citation style for a reference list of common publication formats. You may also wish to consult our links to online apa help pages for additional information. Turning meat, poultry, eggs, and dairy products into nutraceuticals through increasing their conjugated linoleic acid levels, part one: reviewing the literature of benefits claimed for conjugated linoleic acids in human health. Design and implementation of an osteoporosis prevention program using the health belief model. if needed add review of the book/motion picture/play title of work being reviewed .