war of independence 1857 was a bloody and protracted rebellion against the british east india company, which erupted in may in 1857 in india. The rebellion was concentrated in northern india and lasted until june 1858, minor battles continued throughout the year. This led to the east india company was replaced by direct british rule and the british india was formally established.

It began as a mutiny among indian soldiers in british service, sepoys, but can also be considered to have had the character of rebellion against foreign rule. It was the closest caused by wounding the religious feelings and experience of social injustice. Hindu and muslim insurgents had united against westerners, and a plan was arranged to put the last shadow emperor of the great moguls lineage at the head of an indian prince covenant. 140 0 indians, called sepoys, served in the british bengal army under the command of 26,0 british officers. These soldiers had participated in, among others, first anglo afghan war 1838 1842 , the two wars in punjab 1845 1846 and 1848 1849 and in the second anglo burmese war. They had fought not only within british indias borders: they fought in the opium war 1840 1842 and 1856 1860 in china, as well as in the removal of the crimean war 1853 1856 . Some of the soldiers could feel constrained by the structure of the british controlled army.

During the muslim rule in india hindus were, to some extent, able to advance in the service at the brits, it was impossible for an indian to be appointed as an officer. A large portion of the indian soldiers in the bengal army came from the hindi belt of the present uttar pradesh. The increase in taxes is estimated at 70 % in the first half of the 1800s, and this had the result that many farmers have been severely indebted and dependent on loan sharks and merchants. Discontent had increased even in the urban population, and the upper classes, who have not been free from the british burdens. It proved to be a tactical error by the british to tax even the urban middle class and the old upper class. Discontent was not limited only to the countryside, and now there were dissatisfied groups with access to many leading figures. The spark came on the night between 10 and 11 may in meerut in xi native cavalrys barracks, where concerns already grown recently due to the new ammunition gained, and as was rumored had been lubricated with pig and cow fat.

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The insurgent regiment marched towards delhi, where they quickly persuaded the then without power big mogul bahadur shah ii to put itself at the forefront of an uprising against the british. If you want to learn more on the topic, we suggest you to consult free sample essays on war of independence 1857. caution! free essay samples and examples about war of independence in 1857 are 100% plagiarized. at essaylib.com writing service you can order a custom essay on war of independence 1857 topics. We hire top rated phd and masters writers only to provide students with professional essay help at affordable rates. Just visit our website and fill in the order form with all paper details now: enjoy our professional essay writing service! the indian rebellion of 1857 is also known as india's first war of independence, the great rebellion, the indian mutiny, the revolt of 1857, the uprising of 1857, the sepoy rebellion and the sepoy mutiny. The many names are the result of the conflict's continuing importance to india's national sense of identity. History of india the revolt of 1857 the first war of independence! by the first half of the 19th century, the east india company had brought major portions of india under its control.

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Image source: 51ec5c0d06ef68842cbd eb61d9770b9e4a1d2dacebe5287fbc1d.r85.cf2.rackcdn.com/3354f365 60f8 40de 99e9 58ace0bcaa35.jpg the sanyasi rebellion in north bengal and the chunar rebellion in bihar and bengal broke out in the late eighteenth century. There were several peasant uprisings in the mid nineteenth century, the most important of which were those by the moplah peasants of the malabar and the faraizi movement by muslim peasants in bengal. The first half of the nineteenth century also witnessed a number of tribal revolts. In this context, mention may be made of the rebellions of the bhils of madhya pradesh, the santhals of bihar and the gonds and khonds of orissa. Although serious and, in some cases, long drawn, these did not pose any serious threat to the existence of the british empire.

It began as a revolt of the sepoys of the companys army but eventually secured the participation of the masses. Its causes lay deeply embedded in the grievances that all sections of indian society nurtured against the british rule. The political causes of the revolt may be traced to the british policy of expansion through the doctrine of lapse and direct annexation. A large number of indian rulers and chiefs were dislodged, thus arousing fear in the minds of other ruling families who apprehended a similar fate.

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Other rulers feared that the annexation of their states was only a matter of time. The refusal to continue the pension of nana saheb, the adopted son of baji rao ii, created hostility among the ruling class. Moreover, the sentiments of the people were hurt when it was declared that the descendants of the titular mughal emperor, bahadur shah ii, would not be allowed to live in the red fort.

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The annexation of awadh by lord dalhousie on the pretext of maladministration left thousands of nobles, officials, retainers and soldiers jobless. This measure converted awadh, a loyal state, into a hotbed of discontent and intrigue. A large section of the population was alarmed by the rapid spread of western civilization in india. An act in 1850 changed the hindu law of inheritance enabling a hindu who had converted into christianity to inherit his ancestral properties. Besides, the missionaries were allowed to make conversions to christianity all over india. The people were convinced that the government was planning to convert indians to christianity.

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The abolition of practices like sati and female infanticide, and the legislation legalizing widow remarriage, were threats to the established social structure.even the introduction of the railways and telegraph was viewed with suspicion. In rural areas, peasants and zamindars resented the heavy taxes on land and the stringent methods of revenue collection followed by the company. Many among these groups were unable to meet the heavy revenue demands and repay their loans to money lenders, eventually losing the lands that they had held for generations.