Our writers can help get your essay back on track, take a look at our services to learn more about how we can help. Essay writing service essay marking service place an order growing up without proper nurturing gang members often come from dysfunctional, abusive, or broken homes, poor living conditions, lack of parental discipline, neglect and low incomes carrigan, 285. A variety of studies have shown that a lack of time spent nurturing and properly disciplining children can be a significant contributor to problem behavior carrigan, 305. The national center of health statistics in 1988 discovered that, children's well being is associated with family structure. Children from divorced families and those living with single parents have been found to have more emotional, behavioral, and academic problems than children living with both of their biological parents carrigan, 287. For the upbringing of gang members from single parent households, it wasn't so much the family status that caused the problem. Rather, the status brought on stresses and strains that contributed to the deprivation of good parenting carrigan, 287.

Jane rodd, an experienced social worker, states that, what society has to learn is that children growing up have needs: support, love, respect, fair discipline and a family with positive social values. If these elements are not a strong part of childhood development, the child may well become antisocial as a youth carrigan, 287. Study done for the ministry of the solicitor general of canada 1985 reviewed the literature on family relationships and delinquency and reached the conclusions that family criminality, whether it be parents or siblings, is a powerful predictor of children's delinquency, and parental supervision, followed by mother's affection during childhood, appear to be the two most important variables accounting for adult criminality carrigan, 286. Some of the gang members are even homeless, either because their parents are on drugs and they discard them, or they have no homes and the children drift away castro. They pledge allegiance to their neighborhood gang, and it becomes their whole wide world, their family. Mckinnon suggests that the main cause of juvenile delinquency is the lack of a sense of responsibility on the part of parents in the matter of bringing up and training children, leaving them out on the streets carrigan, 284. The particular culture of a lower class community is seen as one of the major factors that causes gang delinquency carrigan, 278.

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The individual is influenced by the norms of the gang, which in turn reflect modes of behavior acceptable to a lower class culture. These norms are different from the middle class culture, which places a higher value on conformist behavior carrigan, 278. Throughout american history, a high percentage of delinquents has come from poor economic backgrounds.

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The correlation led to the easy conclusion that poverty causes crime carrigan, 283. It is conveniently forgotten that the sources of most street gangs lie in violent oppression, dispossession, and migration hayden, 200. In the twenty first century, the new generation has been brought up in a materialistic environment, indulged, protected, and taught by consumer oriented society that instant gratification was a normal expectation in life, therefore youths often lacked patience and an ability to cope with frustration carrigan 299.

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Influences in the past that had helped to nurture values and character were, by the 1960s, either substantially diminished or gone carrigan, 300. The decline in the influence of the churches, less emphasis on values education in the schools, and the diminution of the role of the state as a moral agent have contributed to the lessening of interest in the role of values as a governor on human behavior carrigan, 288. While bad neighborhoods and lack of moral education is blamed for the formation of gangs, some studies indicate that the urge to join gangs might lie, at least in part, in their genes boys may feel a genetic pull toward gangs . Cesare lombroso 1835 1909 , professor of medicine at the university of turin in italy, argues that more persistent and violent criminals were born that way.

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Also, those born with criminal traits start lawless activities at an early age, and constantly demonstrate anger, a spirit of revenge, idleness, volubility and lack of affection carrigan, 273. It is said that aggressive behavior is one of the early signs of antisocial and criminal tendencies carrigan, 306. Who wrote this essay request removal example essays other traits are also said to be hints of rebellion when children grow older: a taste for risk below average verbal intelligence response to frustration more likely to involve resentment and anger rather than composure or anxiety, guilt or depression egocentricism moral immaturity and poor problem solving, coping or self regulation skills carrigan, 281. Children that have high tolerance for deviance in general rejection of the validity of the law in particular, applies rationalizations for law violations to a wide range of stimuli as reasons for anger, tend to become a lot more rebellious when they grow older carrigan, 280. Even the most sensitive among them the gang members often have committed terrible violence castro.

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However, those who are insensible to pain are often one of the most violent members in the gangs. One gang member tried to steal a car from this guy, and when the guy resisted, he knocked him down and ran over him with the car. Then he backed up, ran over him again, then he drove around the block and came back and ran over him again. Then he put the car in reverse, and as he ran over the guy a fourth time, the police came along and saw it castro.

According to a study, boys who have a variant of the gene monoamine oxidase a maoa otherwise known as the warrior gene are not only more likely to be in gangs than boys without the variant, but they tend to be among the most violent members boys may feel a genetic pull toward gangs . It is not only the poverty stricken environment or the broken homes that deprive individuals of a sense of belonging, desperate to join gangs. The study shows that joining gangs also has to do with the genetics of a person boys may feel a genetic pull toward gangs . Previous research has linked low activity maoa variants to a wide range of antisocial, even violent, behavior, but our study confirms that these variants can predict gang membership, the study's lead author, kevin m. Beaver, a biosocial criminologist at florida state university's college of criminology and criminal justice, said in a university news release. Moreover, we found that variants of this gene could distinguish gang members who were markedly more likely to behave violently and use weapons from members who were less likely to do either boys may feel a genetic pull toward gangs . The maoa gene is believed to affect levels of neurotransmitters such as dopamine and serotonin that are related to mood and behavior, according to the study.

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Previous research found that the warrior gene is more prevalent in cultures that are typified by warfare and aggression. When someone is unable to gain wealth, power, status, or possessions by legitimate means carrigan, 276 , due to the frustration felt at being blocked by the system, the individual violates the accepted code of conduct and to resort to illegitimate or illegal means carrigan, 277. Strain theory emphasizes the relationship in society between the goals that constitute status and the conventions or does of conduct that regulate the manner in which those aspirations may be pursued carrigan, 276. General strain theory identifies three major sources of strain: the failure to achieve positively valued goals, the loss of positively valued stimuli, and the presentation of negative stimuli. The first type of strain includes three subtypes: the failure to achieve aspirations or ideal goals, the failure to achieve expectations, and the failure to be treated in a just / fair manner broidy and agnew.

It also considers types of strain other than goal blockage, such as the loss of positive stimuli like friends and romantic partners, and the presentation of negative stimuli like excessive demands and verbal, sexual or physical abuse broidy and agnew. The delinquent accepts society's norms that place an importance on the ownership of certain things, but social inequalities, such as poverty, prevent their attainment, therefore turning to crime carrigan, 277. Sampson and wilson 1995 proposed an integrated social disorganization strain theory in which strain factors are viewed as causing the deterioration of social controls, which are hypothesized to have the more direct effect on crime defronzo.

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Sampson and wilson concluded that strain factors such as economically generated frustrations or the lack of access to legitimate opportunities tend to create forms of social disorganization. For example, limited economic resources might be expected to result in stress which, in turn, increases the likelihood of excessive use of alcohol or other drugs and unprotected sexual intercourse outside of marriage often resulting in children being raised in one parent households defronzo. As we are always expanding we are looking to grow our team of freelance writers.

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To find out more about writing with us then please check our freelance writing jobs page. The hippie movement could be one of the examples of gang like rebellion against mainstream society, although it influenced the culture later on carrigan, 300. The revolt of the 1960s was led, disproportionately, by advantaged, well educated young people who began the first phase of their protest in universities. When faulty and administrations resisted their demands for change, they resorted to protest and sometimes violence to achieve their goals carrigan, 300.