Below are standard formats and examples for basic bibliographic information recommended by the modern language association mla. For more information on the mla format, see your list of works cited should begin at the end of the paper on a new page with the centered title, works cited. Alphabetize the entries in your list by the author's last name, using the letter by letter system ignore spaces and other punctuation. If the author's name is unknown, alphabetize by the title, ignoring any a, an. For dates, spell out the names of months in the text of your paper, but abbreviate them in the list of works cited, except for may, june, and july. Use either the day month year style 22 july 19 or the month day year style july 22, 19 and be consistent.

With the month day year style, be sure to add a comma after the year unless another punctuation mark goes there. When reports were written on typewriters, the names of publications were underlined because most typewriters had no way to print italics. If you write a bibliography by hand, you should still underline the names of publications. But, if you use a computer, then publication names should be in italics as they are below. Always check with your instructor regarding their preference of using italics or underlining.

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All mla citations should use hanging indents, that is, the first line of an entry should be flush left, and the second and subsequent lines should be indented 1/2. The mla guidelines specify using title case capitalization capitalize the first words, the last words, and all principal words, including those that follow hyphens in compound terms. Whenever possible, use the appropriate abbreviated forms for the publisher's name random instead of random house .

Separate author, title, and publication information with a period followed by one space. Use quotation marks to indicate the titles of short works appearing within larger works e.g. Note: if the dictionary or encyclopedia arranges articles alphabetically, you may omit volume and page numbers.

Note: if an edition is named on the masthead, add a comma after the date and specify the edition. Electronic publication information date of publication or of the latest update, and name of any sponsoring institution or organization. 10 june 2002 lt apa style calls for a list of references instead of a bibliography. The requirements of a reference list are that all references cited in the text of a paper must be listed alphabetically by first author's last name in the list of references and that all references listed must be cited within the text. A bibliography, however, typically includes resources in addition to those cited in the text and may include annotated descriptions of the items listed.

In general, the list of references is double spaced and listed alphabetically by first author's last name. For each reference, the first line is typed flush with the left margin, and any additional lines are indented as a group a few spaces to the right of the left margin this is called a hanging indent . Apa publications and communications board working group on journal article reporting standards. Reporting standards for research in psychology: why do we need them? what might they be? american psychologist, 63, 839–851. Notice the form and order of the entries as well as the punctuation and arrangement within the entries. purity in print: book censorship in america from the gilded age to the computer age. Why did american businesses get so big? in major problems in american business history.

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