Osteoporosis Essay Text

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Osteoporosis is a disease of bone that leads to an increased risk of fracture. In osteoporosis the bone mineral density bmd is reduced, bone microarchitecture is disrupted, and the amount and variety of non collagenous proteins in bone is altered. Osteoporosis is defined by the world health organization who in women as a bone mineral density 2.5 standard deviations below peak bone mass 20 year old healthy female average as measured by dxa the term established osteoporosis includes the presence of a fragility fracture. 1 osteoporosis is most common in women after menopause, when it is called postmenopausal osteoporosis, but may also develop in men, and may occur in anyone in the presence of particular hormonal disorders and other chronic diseases or as a result of medications, specifically glucocorticoids, when the disease is called steroid or glucocorticoid induced osteoporosis siop or giop. Given its influence on the risk of fragility fracture, osteoporosis may significantly affect life expectancy and quality of life. Osteoporosis can be prevented with lifestyle changes and sometimes medication in people with osteoporosis, treatment may involve both.

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Lifestyle change includes preventing falls and exercise medication includes calcium, vitamin d, bisphosphonates and several others. Fall prevention advice includes exercise to tone deambulatory muscles, proprioception improvement exercises equilibrium therapies may be included. Exercise with its anabolic effect, may at the same time stop or reverse osteoporosis. Signs and symptoms osteoporosis itself has no specific symptoms its main consequence is the increased risk of bone fractures.

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Osteoporotic fractures are those that occur in situations where healthy people would not normally break a bone they are therefore regarded as fragility fractures. The symptoms of a vertebral collapse compression fracture are sudden back pain, often with radiculopathic pain shooting pain due to nerve compression and rarely with spinal cord compression or cauda equina syndrome. Multiple vertebral fractures lead to a stooped posture, loss of height, and chronic pain with resultant reduction in mobility. Hip fracture, in particular, usually requires prompt surgery, as there are serious risks associated with a hip fracture, such as deep vein thrombosis and a pulmonary embolism, and increased mortality.

Edit falls risk the increased risk of falling associated with aging leads to fractures of the wrist, spine and hip. The risk of falling, in turn, is increased by impaired eyesight due to any cause e.g. Parkinson's disease , dementia, and sarcopenia age related loss of skeletal muscle. Collapse transient loss of postural tone with or without loss of consciousness leads to a significant risk of falls causes of syncope are manifold but may include cardiac arrhythmias irregular heart beat , vasovagal syncope, orthostatic hypotension abnormal drop in blood pressure on standing up and seizures. Removal of obstacles and loose carpets in the living environment may substantially reduce falls.

Those with previous falls, as well as those with a gait or balance disorder, are most at risk risk factors risk factors for osteoporotic fracture can be split between non modifiable and potentially modifiable. In addition, there are specific diseases and disorders in which osteoporosis is a recognized complication. Medication use is theoretically modifiable, although in many cases the use of medication that increases osteoporosis risk is unavoidable. Edit nonmodifiable the most important risk factors for osteoporosis are advanced age in both men and women and female sex estrogen deficiency following. length: 564 words 1.6 double spaced pages rating: red free bone case study 1. A bone mineral density bmd test measures the amount of mineral concentration in a specific region of the bones in order to determine a persons bone strength or density and their risk for fractures. The physician uses the bmd test in conjunction with a patient’s history to determine the patient’s risk of osteoporosis.

We loose bone when cells osteoclasts release stored salts calcium, phosphorous, magnesium from the bone into the blood stream when dietary intake is not providing adequate amounts. Typically at least until age 30 we have other cells osteoblasts that come in and repair, repair and build lost bone. Osteoporosis occurs when the osteoclasts are working faster than the osteoblasts. Eventually the osteoblasts fall further and further behind leaving thin and brittle bones.

The t score compares the results with a healthy young adult of the same gender and the z score compares it with an individual of the same age and gender. A positive or normal result of the bmd would be 1 standard deviation +1/ 1 of the t score mean. Osteoporosis is the diagnosis for a person whose score falls 2.5 standard deviations below the mean. If her history reports findings of bone fractures that are osteoporosis related, her diagnosis may be that of severe osteoporosis. When diagnosing a patient the most critical information will come from the patient’s history familial and personal. This information allows a caregiver to assign specific risk factors associated with certain diseases which help determine a person’s chance of developing a disease as well as measures that can help prevent further progression.

It was important for the doctor to know if janice ‘s diet included adequate amounts of calcium and vitamin d. Both play key roles in bone density, calcium is needed to maintain bone strength and vitamin d is needed for calcium absorption into the blood stream and reabsorbing in the kidneys. Hormone replacement therapy plays a role in the prevention of osteoporosis because it restores estrogen levels and helps to slow the bone thinning process hrt and its osteoporotic benefits can be offset by possibly increasing risk for other serious diseases. The history of her familial and personal fractures can help determine predisposition and stage of osteoporosis. Poor diet and body structure frame size appear to be the biggest factor as to why caucasian women have higher rates of the disease.

Larger body frames need larger bones to support them allowing for greater bone density. Retrieved february 12, 2005 from world wide web: root, leon md 2004 beautiful bone without hormones. Retrieved february 12, 2005 from world wide web: 2002 national osteoporosis foundation’s five steps to bone health and osteoporosis prevention.

Retrieved february 15, 2005 from world wide web: 2003 webmdhealth hormone replacement therapy for osteoporosis. Retrieved from world wide web: 2003 national institutes of health osteoporosis and asian american women. 23 feb 2016

essay/term paper: osteoporosis

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osteoporosis osteoporosis is a significant health problem that affects more than 25 million women in the united states and potentially 200 million worldwide. This disease is characterized by diminishing the structure of the skeleton particular the spongy bone. Osteoporosis develops silently over a period of years, eventually progressing to a point where a fracture can easily occur causing pain and disability. This disease is twenty five million americans are affected by osteoporosis, making it a major public health problem. One out of every two women and one in five men have an osteoporosis related fracture.

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