With colonies all over the world including africa, india, and even the holy land, all fell under british rule or occupation. British history can include the history of all those colonies that were ruled by and or influenced by the british. Before expanding the scope too far it's important to look at british history where it first began and in its own geographical origin. It was only in 1707 in the parliamentary union where the creation of britain came about. So does that mean that british history is only the events that happened after 1707? how do historians approach this? which countries are included in british history вќ and how is that justified? these are just some of the questions that historians have to address.

Pocock tries to address some of these issues in his article british history: a plea for a new subject. вќ with much of his emphasis on the terminology that is used in describing лњbritish' history. Taking a more recent look at the status of лњbritish' history, raphael samuel, tries to assess the history of england, ireland, scotland, and wales in his article british dimensions: four nations history. вќ his interpretation four nations of лњbritish history' is really an expression of retreat of empire вќ which is really post colonial вќ discourse. It is used to recognize the plural history of a group of cultures situated along an anglo celtic frontier and marked by an increasing english political and cultural domination.

He identifies the deficiencies as being with the terminology traditionally used to describe british history. In addition to agreement with taylor's theory that the term лњbritish' is essentially incorrect he proposes a new word to describe the inhabitants of scotland the лњscotch' instead of the term more commonly used лњscots.' along with this, suggested essay topics are given below. Short titles of a few relevant items on the course reading list are indicated in parentheses after each title to help you begin your research see the instructor for further assistance in choosing appropriate works on these lists. After the first essay of the year, you are welcome to create your own essay topics, but if you do so the essay title must be approved by me in advance.

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Long essays titles may be drawn from the comparative questions on this list, or developed by combining aspects of the questions below if approved by me in advance , or developed independently again, if approved by me in advance. Was british political control in india primarily a consequence of british economic superiority? readings: bayly, 'first age of global imperialism' bayly, imperial meridian hasan, 'indigenous cooperation' marshall, 'economic amp political expansion' mukkerjee, 'trade and empire' parthasarathi, 'rethinking wages' torri, 'mughul nobles' yang, bazaar india. 'at no time was the british vision of india ever informed by a single coherent set of ideas'. Readings: bayly, indian society bowen, 'british conceptions' cohn, 'command of language' dewey, anglo indian attitudes peers, 'sepoys, soldiers and the lash' inden, imagining india metcalf, ideologies of the raj said, orientalism singha, 'providential circumstances' 3. Bayly, empire and information' bayly, 'knowing the country' dirkes, castes of mind cohn, 'command of language' edney, mapping an empire gordon, 'limited adoption' omissi, sepoy and the raj peers, 'sepoys, soldiers amp the lash' rahhakrishna, 'surveillance amp settlements' said, orientalism. Did sexual relations with indigenous women consolidate or weaken british rule in india before the rebellion of 1857? readings: ballhatchett, race, sex amp class berger amp hyam debate in ji amp ch 1986, 1988 hawes, poor relations levine, 'venereal disease' parker, 'corporation of superior prostitutes' teltscher, india inscribed. Was the identity of eurasians british or indian? readings: arnold, 'european orphans amp vagrants' blunt, 'land of our mothers' colley, britons colley, captives collingham, imperial bodies hawes, poor relations leopold, 'british applications' price, 'ideology amp ethnicity' robb, concept of race.

Were british attitudes to medicine and the body in india 'orientalist'? readings: arnold, colonising the body collingham, imperial bodies ernst, mad tales from the raj mills, 'reforming the indian' robb, concept of race rosselli, 'self image of effeteness' teltscher, india inscribed . To what extent were indians instrumental in the making of british rule in india? readings: bayly, rulers, townsmen amp bazaars brewer, marxist theories of imperialism chatterjee, 'collaboration amp conflict' dewey, economy amp society misra, business, race, and politics hasan, 'indigenous cooperation' ray, 'asian capital' torri, 'mughal nobles'. Was 'hinduism' an indigenous component of indian society or a product of british imperial rule? readings: bayly, caste, society amp politics dirkes, castes of mind flood, introduction to hinduism lorenzen 'who invented hinduism? mani, contentious traditions price, 'ideology amp ethnicity'. 'the championing of native women's rights provided colonial authorities with a pretext for imposing their own order on native society'. Readings: burton, burdens of history burton, 'contesting the zenena copley, 'debate on widow remarriage' kaul, 'england and india' mani, contentious traditions midgley, 'from supporting missions' sen, 'between power amp purdah' southard, 'colonial politics' teltscher, india inscribed . Compare and contrast the use of state coercion in british india before 1860, on the one hand, and australia in the age of transportation, on the other.

Readings: arnold, 'colonial prison' freitag, 'crime in the social order' haynes amp prakask, contesting power major 'state amp criminal tribes' mukkerjee, 'satan let loose' peers, 'sepoys, soldiers amp the lash' macintyre, concise history atkinson, europeans in australia atkinson, 'free born englishman' duffield amp bradley, representing convicts wheelwright amp buckley, no paradise for workers. 'shared participation in the imperial enterprise hellip obscured the differences between british peoples'. Readings: amies, 'victorian governess' atkinson, europeans in australia clune, scottish martyrs damousi, depraved amp disorderly dyster, servant amp master hughes, fatal shore o'farrell, irish in australia stoler, 'rethinking colonial categories' sturman, 'eye of the beholder'. 'colonizing constantly generated obstacles to neat boundaries and hierarchies between populations, exemplified by 'degenerate' half castes and frontier whites who were anything but civilized'. Readings: curthoy,s amp moore, 'working for white people' grimshaw et al, creating a nation huttenback, 'no strangers within the gates' hughes, fatal shore jupp, australian people scates, 'we are not aboriginal' weaver, 'beyond the fatal shore' willey, when the sky fell down.

Was enlightenment rationality central to the project of colonization in australia? readings: frost, botany bay mirages gillen, 'botany bay decision' hughes, fatal shore miller amp reill, visions of empire porter, enlightenment reynolds, other side of the frontier willey, when the sky fell down. In australia, 'the aborigines hellip were not physically invisible, but they were culturally invisible'. Readings: all items in section i d are relevant for this question, as are the seminar readings for weeks 11 and 13. 'whatever the difference of their racial and cultural origins, convicts and aborigines constituted the rebellious nature which the authorities had to subdue'. Readings: grimshaw et al, creating a nation atkinson, 'free born englishman' damousi, depraved amp disorderly hirst, convct society oxley, convict maids summers, damned whores wheelwright amp buckley, no paradise for workers.

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Did women deserve their reputation as 'depraved and disorderly' australians? readings: all items in i.c are relevant for this question. Does the history of colonial kenya illustrate the development of a 'new imperialism'? readings: beckman, 'imperialism amp capitalist transformation' berman amp lonsdale, unhappy valley brett, colonialism amp underdevelopment hall, 'introduction' to cultures of empire havinden, colonialism amp development mosley, settler colonies. 'male dominance, sometimes less exactly called patriarchy, is not a fixed phenomenon, but is situated historically and changes along with the society that encodes it'.

Readings: berger amp white, women freeman, 'colonialism amp the formation' lewis, empire state building lovett, 'gender relations' pedersen, 'national bodies' robertson, trouble showed the way shaw, colonial inscriptions white, comforts of home. Were south asians in kenya part of a colonizing elite or part of the colonized population? readings: blyth, 'redrawing the boundary' duder, 'settler response' gregory, india amp east africa hansen, 'kenyan asians' mccormack, asians in kenya mangat, history of asians spencer, 'first assault'. Did missionary activity help to insulate east africans from british exploitation? readings: all items in section iv.e are relevant for this question.