computers and nursing practice science has bestowed health care delivery system with excellent technological innovations. One such innovation is the computerization of the entire health care delivery system. Computerization has contributed enormously towards the reduction of medical errors and the problems associated with such errors gan et.al, 2005. A study to assess the community hospital nurses 039 use of electronic health records and views of the impact of such records on job performance and patient outcomes has shown that nurses prefer electronic records to paper charts and are comfortable with technology kossman and scheidenhelm, 2008. Instruments like nurses 039 computer attitudes inventory ncatt , revised ncatt. dambrodt 039 s scale for computer attitudes measure nurses 039 attitudes on computerization rohan and peter, 1996.

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Success of computerization in nursing practice lies in utilization of features, functions, input and output modalities that nurse would find most useful mihailidis et.al, 2006. electronic medical records systems an electronic medical record emr is a medical record in digital format. Electronic medical record keeping facilitates access of patient data by nurses at any given location, building automated checks for drug and allergy interactions, clinical notes and laboratory reports. The term electronic medical record can be expanded to include systems which keep track of other relevant medical information. Although an emr system has the potential for invasion of a patient 039 s medical privacy, emrs can serve a great purpose when monitored effectively mandl et.al, 2001. Five levels of electronic health care record ehcr keeping has been classified.1.the automated medical record.

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the computerized medical record cmr , which makes the documents of level 1 electronically available. the electronic medical record emr which restructures and optimizes the documents of the previous levels ensuring inter operability of all documentation systems. 4.the electronic patient record epr which is a patient centered record with information from multiple institutions and 5.the electronic health record ehr that adds general health related information to the epr that is not necessarily related to a disease walker, 2005. The development of standards for emr interoperability is vital because of the fact that without interoperable emrs, practicing nurses, physicians, pharmacies and health care institutions cannot share patient information, which is necessary for timely patient centered care.

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There are many standards relating to specific operation of emrs in the usa and across the globe. These include astm international continuity of care record in which patient health summary is based upon xml ans1 x12. Which is a set of protocols used for transmitting any data including billing information cen. Which is commonly used in clinical document architecture applications laerum et.al. There are many software programs specially developed for electronic record keeping with integrated appointment scheduling billing, prescription writer, transcription module, document management and workflow management ringold et.al, 20. Nurse practioners have prescriptive authority in the united states galewitz, 19 and prescription error is a problem in current nurse practice.

Communication has been cited as the single biggest block in such prescription errors leading to wrong reading by the pharmacist. Electronic prescription systems have been designed as a total remedy to this problem laerum et.al. Personal digital assistants popularly known as pda are literally handheld computers that help patient management. Using a pda, a nurse can access a patient 039 s laboratory reports and refer the latest information on relevant therapies, tests and treatments. Using a pda, a nurse can instantaneously transfer prescriptions to the patient 039 s pharmacy, answer patient e mail, refer to medical textbooks, drug databases, journals and updates laerum et.al. The utility of personal digital assistant resources in healthcare practice of course presents new challenges due to changing device capabilities and software availability kuiper, 2008.

The most important aspect of such applications is that they facilitate the management of patient supplies with associated refill lists. These systems help to monitor and track the use of implant and surgical items utilized during operative procedures. The applications allow the theatre nurses to create lists which give full information on the necessary equipments and surgical instruments required in the operating theatre for a surgery specific to a surgeon or specialty.

Computerization has contributed enormously towards the reduction of medical errors and the problems associated with such errors by providing timely access to client information and by assisting nurses with client monitoring, decision making and bedside documentation. But, the real challenge lies in utilization of features, functions, input and output modalities that nurse would find most useful. Assistive computing devices: a pilot study to explore nurses 039 preferences and needs.

Medical groups 039 adoption of electronic health records and information systems. health affairs. Effects of scanning and eliminating paper based medical records on hospital physician 039 s clinical work practice. Copyright 2008 american society of registered nurses asrn.org all rights reserved knowledge workers are individuals whose major capital are knowledge that does not operate on routine work, but involve them in a convergent, dynamic and creative thinking.examples include engineers, doctors, nurses and computer specialists. As a knowledge worker, my area of specialization is in the clinical medicine and patient care. The current healthcare system faces many challenges and opportunities that directly influence nursing profession, particularly the delivery of effective patient care. The healthcare setting requires nurses to keep up with new developments and transform the nursing practice to cater for the emerging demands in healthcare. The advent of computer based technology changed the face of nursing practice from the trial and error method to direct responses to the individual needs of the patient.

Therefore, new technologies and more advanced treatment options will require continued research and implementation to provide quality care. Lifelong learning, which refers to a continuous change of personal well being and professional development, enables me to develop knowledge and skills in learning. It assists in creating a culture where educational growth and development promotes vital advancements of the nursing profession. I am responsible to ensure that the clinical knowledge base i have is expansive and comprehensive. Therefore, computer based information will necessitate the most current and accurate information in clinical practice. Skills development in nursing practice can be achieved through opportunities that demonstrate competency.

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Therefore, continuous educational growth and development is a key to experiences and opportunities for nurses to adapt to the rapidly changing healthcare setting and is central to professionalism. In the nursing profession, lifelong learning allows for the development of critical thinking and expansion of knowledge related to the most current clinical practices. Therefore, the nursing education system faces various challenges to prepare nurses for lifelong work in a technology driven world. Therefore, a nurse should be equipped with competencies as well as skills to be able to work in a technologically advanced healthcare setting. The needs of patient and the healthcare environment have become more complex, requiring nurses to be more competent to deliver quality healthcare ackley et.al 14. A nurse should master the technological tools as well as computer based information management systems while collaborating and coordinating healthcare across different teams of healthcare practitioners. Thus, a nurse should achieve a higher education level and suggest education in new ways that prepare one to meet the emerging demands of patients.

Therefore, nursing education should have rapid advances to make it easy for nurses to integrate information technology with nursing education. The ability of a nurse to recognize the potential application and importance of technology occurs because of a combination of the interplay among social forces, professional goals, and clinical demands. Computer based technology has altered the way how care providers and nurses gain access to and disseminate data and information. The integration of computer based technologies enhances the development of healthcare information systems to access information, documents care, manages care delivery and healthcare facilities, and consults or passes information between a nurse and a patient. A nurse must have computer based skills in order to be able and analyze and synthesize information therefore, there is an urgent need to learn computer based technologies due to the complexity of patient care. There is a high need for competent nurses who are highly skilled because of the complexity in healthcare and an increased number of patients with chronic illnesses. Ways that computer technology can support my learning and that of my patients computer based technology has changed the healthcare setting.