While browsing the gallery of the banknotes of bosnia and herzegovina, one could notice that one series design is repeated three times, namely p 10 to p 17. In turbulent times, as was the case in bosnia in the 1990s, it is nothing unusual and there are many other such cases in the galleries for other countries. So then, what makes this case special? the first and the second were issues were regular bosnian and herzegovinian dinar series, issued by the national bank of bosnia and herzegovina nbbh in 1992 and 1994 respectively, but the third one is undated, never circulated and described in the standard catalog of world paper money as produced in 1995 and printed by thomas de la rue in london. The exact story of this series may never be completely revealed, since the national bank does not exist any more it was replaced by the central bank in 1998 and thomas de la rue does not issue statements without the approval of the ordering bank. The persons that were included in the process remain silent since any information they might bring forward could cause the emergence of some unpleasant questions for them. This text is based on two articles, the first by amer sulejmanagic bosnian and herzegovinian banknotes printed in england pages 9 13, and the second by jusuf mulic and entitled london issue of bosnian herzegovinian dinar from 1992 , pages 14 19, both published in bosnian in novi numizmaticar , nr. Here we list what is known: on the banknotes there is the the assumed signature of stiepo andrijic , the governor of the nbbh between 25.5.1992 and 10.10.1993.

Andrijic, as his actual signature can be seen on bosnia and herzegovina banknotes p 10 to p 15. Therefore, it appears as though someone had to forge his signature, and to approve such an act to the printer. Hajra balorda, who was politically not in line with the government of the republic, one that had declared its independence from yugoslavia after the public vote on 29.2.

Therefore the government or the ministry of finances could have started the preparation for their own currency even then, negotiating with thomas de la rue and cetis security print celje slovenia , the printers that had printed p 10 to p 15. The third series has actually three developmental sub variants not listed in the standard catalog of world paper money, with the first being signed by jure pelivan as the governor. He claimed he knew of the printing, but that he did not have anything to do with this but that he knew of an unnamed bosnian diplomat serving in 1992 in turkey who had obtained money for the printing from some incognito donor.

Some amount of 50 and 10 dinar notes with numeration arrived to bosnia in 1995, but these were withdrawn to the treasury and destroyed. The third series was printed in the same quantity as the first series, but the nbbh was not willing to take receipt of the rest the banknotes in 1996 or 1997 on call of the printer, with the exception of some examples for the nbbh collection. Therefore this issue has to be observed simultaneously as an official issue and as a forgery where the forger was the government itself, which is quite a rare case. Who expropriated the notes that today could be bought on the notafilic market? further questions that could naturally follow: 3.

Who approved the transfer of assumed 2.5 million german marks to pay for the printing and from which source? 4. Why there were two simultaneous orders to print the banknotes, with the same design done by bosnian painter dzevad hozo? there can be several related question along these lines. Only printers proof banknotes , while the numerated 100 dinar p 47a is very rare, as are its proofs. There are a lot of 50s p 47 on the market, while the 10 p 47c got expensive as of late.

In my opinion some dealers stocked them and sell them slowly over time to manipulate the market and keep prices high. Paper money eventually returns to its intrinsic value – zero gold is real money, it is natures currency throughout history no paper currency has survived in its original form. When governments come under financial pressure they can never resist printing money to pay for debts, be they war debts or just excessive spending. So far no paper currency has survived intact over a longer period whilst gold has represented real money for several thousand years. When paper money fails investors who own gold still have a currency which holds its value despite the fact that banks may be bankrupt. With the massive debt levels and money printing in many countries including the usa and the uk the risk of a similar default in other countries is very high. Gold has at all times represented real wealth as well as being a medium of exchange.

Old money has always maintained a percentage of its wealth in gold since the specific characteristics of gold make it probably the safest and most attractive investment for storing and preserving wealth. Gold stored outside the banking system should be the foundation of the wealth pyramid for high net worth individuals. Therefore, physical gold or silver should not be considered as an asset which is valued or traded on a daily basis. Over time gold has represented an excellent investment that holds it value in real terms. In particular, gold appreciates during periods of high inflation and financial instability. As there is limited supply of gold it cannot be printed to finance the deficit spending of governments. Gold can act as a critical hedge both against inflation and a deflationary financial collapse.

The financial system is fighting for survival and has been temporarily rescued by governments printing unlimited amounts of money. There are only two possible consequences of these actions: either governments succeed in temporarily rescuing the financial system by printing gargantuan amounts of money. This will lead to inflation or hyperinflation making paper money virtually worthless. or, if this fails, there will be a deflationary credit collapse which will lead to a systemic failure of the financial system. /li> both of these outcomes will be extremely bullish for gold which always benefits from money printing and high inflation. In the weimar republic in the early 1920s gold went from dmark 100 per ounce to dmark 100 trillion.in the case of a deflationary collapse, many or perhaps most banks will fail whilst gold stored outside the banking system will be the only safe money. Compared with an offical investment market of around $150 trillion, the gold market is minuscule at just 0.7%. The entire gold production is comfortably absorbed and additional demand from even a tiny reallocation of investments into the gold market, by pension funds for instance, could not be met with equal supply.

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From 2015 onward gold production is likely to be stagnant as there are no major mines coming on stream. In addition, central banks and bullion banks have very low stocks of physical gold. As investors realise that sellers of paper gold will not be able to deliver physical gold, a sustained panic buying of physical and at much higher prices could quickly materialize. Like most investments gold moves in cycles against the major currencies of the world. Although the long term trend has shown a strong upward slope, there are times when gold spends long periods correcting a previous advance.

In the long term gold has been keeping pace with stock markets but at certain times it outperforms substantially. Other stock markets show similar substantial under performance in relation to gold in the last 12 years. Since 2001 gold has had an outstanding global performance and in fact showed one of the best returns of any asset class during the past 15 years. Especially if one looks at the performance against most weaker currencies around the globe.

Instead it should be considered as a long term core holding representing the foundation of the wealth pyramid. You’re probably familiar with warren buffett’s famous words, never buy a stock that you don’t want to own for at least ten years. So naturally, you’re looking for stable, top rated, shareholder friendly companies that you can hold for 10, 20, 30 or more years. And there are many companies that have a long history of not only paying dividends each year, but also consistently paying higher dividends year after year. A consistent record of increasing dividends can be a good sign that management will continue to reward investors in the years to come.

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Each december, editor david fish publishes his list of dividend champions companies that have paid higher dividends for at least 25 straight years . this year, 142 companies made the list. While the complete list includes all dividend paying stocks whether they offer a dividend reinvestment plan or not , many of these companies offer you the opportunity to buy shares through their drip. in fact, as of 12/31/15, eight of these 142 companies have: 1 paid higher dividends for at least 50 straight years and 2 currently offer a no fee drip. completing the captcha proves you are a human and gives you temporary access to the web property. If you are on a personal connection, like at home, you can run an anti virus scan on your device to make sure it is not infected with malware. If you are at an office or shared network, you can ask the network administrator to run a scan across the network looking for misconfigured or infected devices. 178.150.66.157 bull performance amp security by cloudflare okay, so i took the tour of the treasury dept in dc what you need to do is actually speak to a professional stationer.

Not one of those stationary shops you find at the mall but a real paper stationer. It will depend on what kind of ink you are using as to whether it will last and hold up for while. Some types of ink will actually break down the composition of the paper over time. Inks bleed and some actually fade completely away over a period of time and disappear. If you will be printing the documents, i highly recommend that you use a professional printer. They use all sorts of protected paper and will know exactly what you are looking for. Ink is most important and printing paper and writing paper are completely different blends.