The example provided will relatively help you get a clearer understanding of how this technique works. Smoking in public places should be banned smoking in public places should be banned claim because it puts other people, especially children and pregnant women, at risk of breathing smoke from cigarettes ground. Smoking in public places also endangers people who have respiratory ailments ground.

Recent studies show that almost qualifier 80% of those who ingest secondhand smoke from public smokers have a higher risk of getting respiratory problems than smokers themselves data. Banning an act that causes problems to innocent civilians is helpful in many ways warrant. If smoking in public places is banned, we actually reduce or totally eradicate the danger of putting non smokers at risk of developing lung and heart problems backing statement. Moreover, if we ban smoking in public places, we also stop the smokers from further increasing their chances of acquiring health problems for themselves backing statement.

While it can be said that not all people who smoke in public areas are always causing harm to others, it remains a fact that smoking per se is a cause of health problems rebuttal. It is not enough to say that the size of affected people are relatively just a small fraction plenty or few, one person put at risk is more than enough rebuttal. >>hire us and we'll write your papers for you! disciplines gt argument gt toulmin's argument model stephen toulmin, an english philosopher and logician, identified elements of a persuasive argument. This includes information you are asking them to accept as true or actions you want them to accept and enact. For example: you should use a hearing aid. many people start with a claim, but then find that it is challenged. The grounds or data is the basis of real persuasion and is made up of data and hard facts, plus the reasoning behind the claim. Grounds may also include proof of expertise and the basic premises on which the rest of the argument is built.

The actual truth of the data may be less that 100%, as much data are ultimately based on perception. We assume what we measure is true, but there may be problems in this measurement, ranging from a faulty measurement instrument to biased sampling. It is critical to the argument that the grounds are not challenged because, if they are, they may become a claim, which you will need to prove with even deeper information and further argument. For example: over 70% of all people over 65 years have a hearing difficulty. information is usually a very powerful element of persuasion, although it does affect people differently. Those who are dogmatic, logical or rational will more likely to be persuaded by factual data.

Those who argue emotionally and who are highly invested in their own position will challenge it or otherwise try to ignore it. It is often a useful test to give something factual to the other person that disproves their argument, and watch how they handle it. A warrant links data and other grounds to a claim, legitimizing the claim by showing the grounds to be relevant. It answers the question 'why does that data mean your claim is true?' for example: a hearing aid helps most people to hear better. the warrant may be simple and it may also be a longer argument, with additional sub elements including those described below. This gives space for the other person to question and expose the warrant, perhaps to show it is weak or unfounded. The backing or support for an argument gives additional support to the warrant by answering different questions.

For example: hearing aids are available locally. the qualifier or modal qualifier indicates the strength of the leap from the data to the warrant and may limit how universally the claim applies. Arguments may hence range from strong assertions to generally quite floppy with vague and often rather uncertain kinds of statement. For example: hearing aids help most people. another variant is the reservation. unless there is evidence to the contrary, hearing aids do no harm to ears. qualifiers and reservations are much used by advertisers who are constrained not to lie. Despite the careful construction of the argument, there may still be counter arguments that can be used.

These may be rebutted either through a continued dialogue, or by pre empting the counter argument by giving the rebuttal during the initial presentation of the argument. there is a support desk that deals with technical problems. any rebuttal is an argument in itself, and thus may include a claim, warrant, backing and so on. Thus if you are presenting an argument, you can seek to understand both possible rebuttals and also rebuttals to the rebuttals. Essay tips chief writer toulmin argumentation is a model of argument which suggests six parts in any argumentative text. These elements include: data, claim, warrants, qualifiers, rebuttals and backing statements.

Basically, toulmin argument analyzes the aspects of your position paper, for instance, so that you can identify the weak points of your arguments and work on them while further improving your strong points as needed.

data/grounds these are the evidence that you will use to support your claim or position. Qualifiers these are words or phrases which show the strength of the connection between the claim and the data.

You should stop smoking claim because studies show that almost qualifier 80% of smokers can develop lung cancer data/ground. Stopping a bad habit can help reduce the occurence of its bad consequences warrant, can be stated or left unstated. Life expectancy is lengthened if habits bad to one's health are stopped backing statement. Although it is not always the case that people who smoke will suffer from lung cancer, the risks are higher for those who smoke routinely rebuttal .

Should criminals be executed? here's one on children: should they be raised to co operate or compete? new here is one on censorship. Should the government control what we see on tv or in movies? new: powerpoint presentation on layout and organization here is one on dogs. Should city people be allowed to keep them? here is a link to a website writefix.com with dozens of argument essays. Should governments pay for art? who would you choose as international mother of the year ? should people use mobile phones while driving. Listen to the audio files! click here for a model answer to using mobiles while driving should mobile phones be banned in the classroom? click here for a one sided argument model essay guess which side since a teacher wrote it! new what should be the punishment for drug traffickers? click here for more writing tips. Single sex or co ed schools? links to useful readings and a model answer tv advertisements love 'em or hate 'em? introductions for argument and opinion essays. With atm cards, credit cards and online and telephone banking, are we moving towards a cashless society? check out this essay which looks at whether we will be using coins and notes in the future.