This provision could create a slippery slope for a more permissive environment for euthanasia. Writing a paper on euthanasia.pdf free pdf download argumentative essay on euthanasia. This handout discusses common logical fallacies that you this handout discusses common logical fallacies that you may encounter in your own writing or. Writers of argumentative essays must appear logical or their readers will reject their point of view. Here is a short list of some of the most common logical fallacies that is, errors in reasoning. The most commonly used fallacies a fallacy is an often plausible argument using false or illogical reasoning.

appeal to pity ad misericordiam an argument that appeals to another’s sympathy not answering the argument ex: a woman applies to college. When the admissions director asks about her grades, test scores, and extracurricular activities, she states that she didn’t have much time to study because her mother has been sick for several years and she has had to work through almost all of high school. appeal to ignorance ad ignorantum asserting a proposition is true because it has not been proven false ex: taking vitamin x is good for you since nobody taking it has become sick. arguing by association an argument used to promote guilt by association ex: both senator muha and latin american marxists are critics of the chilean government therefore, senator muha must be a marxist.

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argument backed by a stick force argumentum ad baculum resorting to threat in order to have a point accepted ex: our paper certainly deserves the support of every german. We shall continue to forward copies of it to you, and hope you will not want to expose yourself to the unfortunate consequences in case of cancellation. bandwagon appeal ad populum an argument that suggests one is correct if they go along with the crowd ex: every fashionable senior this year is wearing a piece of navajo jewelry.

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begging the question circular reasoning you report what is true, repeating what you believe, only in different words ex: i am in college because it the right thing to do. contradictory premises the points of the argument contradict each other therefore, there is no argument ex: if god can do anything, he can make a stone so heavy that he won’t be able to lift it. false alternative either/or syndrome all other possibilities, explanations, or solutions are ignored ex: given the alarming number of immigrants in the u.s. Who fail to learn english and speak it, mandating english as the official language of our country must be done. false analogy an argument that assumes a fundamental similarity between two things that resemble each other only in part ex: a college has no right to fire a popular teacher.

To do so is like throwing out of office a public official who has just been reelected by the majority of the voters. false cause post hoc this argument equates sequence with causality: because event a was followed by event b, the first caused the second ex: every time i wash my car, it rains. half truths an argument that contains evidence that is only partly true ex: making english the official language is a good idea because it will make it easier for people to understand one another. hasty generalization this argument assumes all are the same, but there are too few instances to support such a claim ex: john likes keating’s health plan, becky likes keating’s health plan, and sayd likes keating’s health plan therefore, keating’ s health plan must be the best choice. hypothesis contrary to fact an argument that starts with an untrue hypothesis and then tries to draw supportable conclusions from it ex: if i had never met dan twenty years ago in college, i would never have fallen in love.

oversimplification an argument that makes simple of a very complex issue by using catchy phrases such as: it all boils down to. poisoning the well/personal attack ad hominem an argument that personally attacks another as to discredit the issue at hand ex: two students are running for student body president. Prior to the vote, one candidate puts up fliers all over the building indicating that the other boy is a cheater, liar, and has bad grades. red herring think of a stinky smoked fish dragged across the trail to throw a tracking dog off scent an argument that tends to sidetrack everyone involved ex: while discussing the need for tobacco subsidies in the federal budget, somebody asserts that all restaurants should have non smoking sections. shifting the meaning of a key term there are two ways of doing this: first through equivocation shifting the meaning of one term and through amphiboly shifting the meaning through sentence structure an argument that uses the meaning of words or sentences in two different senses ex: criminals do everything to obstruct arrest, prosecution, and conviction. slippery slope the assumption that if one thing is allowed, it will only be the first in a downward spiral of events ex: if you continue to watch professional wrestling, your grades will drop, you will become violent, and eventually you will end up in jail.