read this article to learn about the reason of population explosion and its consequences! population is defined as the total number of individuals of a species present in a particular area at a given time. It deals with three phenomena 1 changes in population size growth or decline 2 the composition of population and 3 the distribution of population in space. It deals with five ‘demographic processes’ namely fertility, mortality, marriage, migra tion and social mobility. These five processes are continually at work within a population determining size, composition and distribution. The rapid increase in population over a relatively short period is called population explosion. The world population which was around 2 billion 20 million in 1900 reached about 6 billion by 20. Our population which was approximately 350 million at the time of our independence reached close to the billion mark by 20 and crossed 1 billion in may 20.

A rapid decline in death rate, maternal mortality rate mmr and infant mortality rate imr and an increase in number of people in reproducible age are probable reasons for this. Through our role of reproductive and child health care rch programmes, we could bring down the population growth rate. According to the 2001 census report, the population growth rate was still around 1.7 per cent, i.e.

Such an alarming growth rate could lead to an absolute scarcity of food, shelter and clothing. Therefore, the government was forced to take up serious measures to check this population growth rate. Four basic processes are involved in increase or decrease in the population size. Natality and immigra tion contribute an increase in population and mortality and emigration decrease the population. The population density is the number of indi viduals of a species per unit area/space at a given time. Population density d number of individuals n / space s it is the number of individuals that have come into the habitat.

This type of popu lation growth is called verhulst pearl logistic growth as explained by the following equation: where n population density at a time t r intrinsic rate of natural increase and к carrying capacity. Greenland now called kalallit nunaat part of denmark is least densely populated part in the world. Census is an official counting of population and preparing data about age groups, births, deaths, sex ratio, education, etc. Infact since 1881 it has been conducted regularly at interval of 10 years, the last being in 2011. The india’s census 2011 was conducted from february 9 to 28 and provisional figures of india’s 15th census were released in new delhi on 31st march 2011.

india’s population as on march: 1, 2011: 1,210,193,422 sex ratio females per 1,0 males: 940 population density persons per sq km: 382 decadal period of ten years growth rate of population between 2001 2011: 17.64 most populous state: uttar pradesh among states kerala has the highest sex ratio 1084 and among union territories uts , daman the lowest 618. It is also most thickly populated city in india lowest density among union territories andaman nicobar biggest state as per area rajasthan smallest state as per area goa there are two main factors for the increase in human population. A decrease in death rate mainly maternal mortality rate mmr and infant mortality rate imr and b increase in span of life. i advancement in agriculture: farmers are educated to develop high yielding crops. vi protection from natural calamity: government is doing efforts to provide maximum informations to the farmers.

Malthus, a british economist, put forward a theory of human population growth, i he stated that population grows geometrically 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32. When unchecked, whereas the means of its subsistence like food grow only arithmetically 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7. Ii naturally, after some time an imbalance would occur in the population and the environment, i when the imbalance reaches a certain value, some factors like hunger, epidemics, floods, earthquakes, war, etc. Over population leads to number of not only national but also individuals family prob lems.

If in a family there are more persons and the income is less, so naturally it becomes poor. If the population increases and the production of food do not in crease, this will lead to a shortage of food supply. More number of people means more jobs and if sufficient number of jobs is not available, it leads to unemployment. For more people, more houses are required and the houses are not built at high rate.