Is the pain, all in my head , or is it something else? interstitial cystitis ic /painful bladder syndrome pbs is the pain, all in my head , or is it something else? it is estimated that over 3.3 million u.s. Women, or 2.7 percent, who are 18 years of age or older have pelvic pain and other symptoms, such as urinary urgency or frequency, that are associated with ic/pbs. An estimated 1.6 million men, or 1.3 percent, who are 30 to 79 years old have persistent symptoms, such as pain with bladder filling or pain relieved by bladder emptying, that are associated with pbs niddk . My preliminary research shows that the government is giving more money for research, doctors are learning more, and patients are taking their health care into their own hands concerning this very confusing and painful disease. My thesis supports will focus on how ic/pbs is diagnosed, where the pain is coming from and the many treatments options that are available once you’ve been diagnosed with ic/pbs and how it is possible to get some relief from the pain. Through my research i hope to explain how paramount this disease really is and what can be done about it.

The benefit to this paper is that it will give knowledge to the readers about the dire situation and will help them to be proactive about it. Through the research i am hoping that i can better understand and make changes in my own health care decisions so i can live without so much pain. I want to write about this subject because i have been struggling with my health issues over the last 20 years and pain has been a major factor in my life. I also want to educate myself on urinary disorders and pain so i can help my family members if and when these symptoms occur. Is now such a ruling factor in my life, and since part of my project will focus on the importance of the support group to it’s members, part of my audience with be the patient that has been diagnosed with ic/pbs and those who understand the great need to have a good support system.

The other audience i hope to reach is doctors, and especially those in the urologic and gynecologic specialties that don’t have much experience with ic/pbs or chronic pelvic pain and misdiagnose all too frequently. I have found several sources on the internet and in online databases such as interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome from the niddk website and complementary and alternative therapies as treatment approaches for interstitial cystitis, from reviews in urology, and, ending pelvic pain from the women’s health channel. But, because this is such a confusing topic in the medical field right now, i want to make sure to have the most current information. Most of the web sources i have researched the ica, the icn agree that the more misdiagnoses that are given out, the longer people are suffering from pain and it will continue to do this unless doctor’s and patient’s can get better educated and the government can provide more funding for research.

Most of my sources cite experts in the industry and they discuss and seem to share the same goal that they want people to be educated about their health through early diagnosis so the appropriate treatment can be used. Some of the general websites, like niddk, give current facts showing statistical information related to kidney and urologic disorders. Defining the research paper a literary research paper unlike a research paper on abortion or euthanasia focuses on critically analyzing/interpreting the meaning of literature. What's more, the term research implies that you will be incorporating research from reputable secondary sources into your paper. In short, you will be analyzing/interpreting a piece or several pieces of literature and supporting your analysis with research. Further, you must include a minimum of seven 7 sources in your paper, six 6 of which must be considered secondary sources explained below , and it must include a works cited page.

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Your first step in writing the research paper is to decide which author or authors you would like to write about. You should feel free to choose from any of the authors we have discussed this semester, and you are more than welcome to find texts from your chosen author or authors that were not included on the syllabus. After you have decided which author or authors you are interested in writing about, you need to decide which texts to include in your discussion this may change as the paper progresses, but you should begin with a clear idea of which texts you would like to include in your analysis. The next and most obvious step in the process is to read and then reread several times the text or texts you have chosen.

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In order to say something meaningful about a text, you need to know it backward and forward. As one critic relates, you need to have a sure sense of what the work itself is like, how its parts function, what ideas it expresses, how it creates particular effects, and what your responses are. After you are comfortable with your knowledge of the text or texts , the next step is to develop an angle of analysis.

In other words, you need to decide how you want to approach and organize your paper. There are several different ways to organize a literary research paper, but more likely than not you will want to adopt one of the following organizing principles: a. Literary elements: a research paper that is organized around literary elements generally includes a focused discussion on one or more of the following: setting, speaker, symbolism, irony, imagery, tone, language, etc. Themes: a research paper that is organized around a theme, such as death, life, love, race, gender, class, cultural identity, etc. Generally includes a focused discussion on the role a particular theme plays in several pieces of literature. Critical approaches: whether you knew it or not, you adopted a specific approach to analyzing literature in both of the essays you wrote for class, namely a formalist approach to interpretation.

For the second essay, some of you focused on how the historical, political, and/or social context informed the work this was called an historical approach to interpretation. There are, of course, a number of other critical approaches to interpreting literature, such as feminist, marxist, pluralist, structuralist, poststructuralist, sociological, biographical, etc. If you are interested in adopting one or more of these models of interpretation, please let me know. Choosing a research topic choosing a topic is a difficult task, but let yourself be guided by your knowledge of the text. There is a good chance that in reading the text or texts carefully and in choosing an angle of analysis, you will have already in a sense decided what it is you would like to write about/argue. An excellent way of making that decision more clear is to write out several possible titles for your paper.

For example, a title that reads religion and politics in james joyce's dubliners will likely adopt an historical approach to the text and discuss such issues as how the story both critiques and embodies the ideologies of late nineteenth and early twentieth century dublin. On the other hand, a title that reads symbols in the short works of ernest hemingway will adopt a more formalist approach to interpretation and will likely be focused around an extremely careful discussion of the text. As you surely know by now, a thesis statement is the main point you are trying to make about the literature you are discussing. All of the information in your paper should, in one way or another, work to support your thesis statement. A good thesis statement is argumentative in nature and is supported with a detailed interpretation of the text or texts. You do not want a thesis statement that is factual raymond carver is a man , or that is speculative what if raymond carver is really a woman? , or that states an opinion not only is raymond carver a bad writer, he's also ugly. The text, or texts, that you choose to write about are called your primary texts.

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In other words, primary quotations will serve as your primary form of support textual evidence. The research you will do about the author s , text s , and/or critical approach es is considered your secondary or outside material. In other words, you will be gathering information from outside sources that are relevant to your thesis and which help support your main points. Your goal is to balance your paper with your own analysis, with direct quotes from the text s , and with quotes from others secondary sources who have written about the author s and/or text s you are discussing. The definitive guide to conducting research when conducting research on a piece of literature, you should attempt to confine your research to reputable sources.

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In general, books and journals are considered reputable sources, while magazines and newspaper articles are considered non reputable sources. There are, of course, exceptions to the rule, so if you find something that you would like to include in your paper as a secondary source, feel free to discuss the matter with me. As you may or may not know, harper's library subscribes to several academic databases, many of which contain full text reprints of scholarly articles from reputable journals. academic search complete is an excellent resource for finding literary criticism. Click on articles and more from this page, click on academic search complete from this screen, you will enter your search terms. However, before you enter your search terms, be sure to note that there is an option to limit your search to full text articles as well scholarly peer reviewed journals be sure to click on both of these options.

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Also, keep in mind that it is often useful to combine search terms with an and in order to refine your search results. So, for example, if you are conducting research on sylvia plath's daddy, the following search will yield the most relevant results: plath and daddy. If you are looking for an essay on joyce's eveline, then the following search will yield the most relevant results: joyce and eveline. If you venture onto campus and into the harper library, there are a number of publications in the reference section of the library which may be of help. Here are a few: dictionary of literary biography twentieth century literary criticism in addition, if you conduct a search of the library's catalog, you will undoubtedly find a wealth of relevant material, including collections of essays on specific writers and histories of specific literary periods. Include the title s and author s you are discussing in the first or second paragraph of your paper.