5 sources cited length: 1131 words 3.2 double spaced pages rating: red free artificial intelligence the computer revolution has influenced everyday matters from the way letters are written to the methods in which our banks, governments, and credit card agencies keep track of our finances. The development of artificial intelligence is just a small percentage of the computer revolution and how society deals with, learns, and incorporates artificial intelligence. It will only be the beginning of the huge impact and achievements of the computer revolution. Or ai, is that computers simply mimic behaviors of humans that would be regarded as intelligent if a human being did them.

However, within this definition, several issues and views still conflict because of ways of interpreting the results of ai programs by scientists and critics. The most common and natural approach to ai research is to ask of any program, what can it do? what are the actual results in comparison to human intelligence? for example, what matters about a chess playing program is how good it is. Can it possibly beat chess grand masters? there is also a more structured approach in assessing artificial intelligence, which began opening the door of the artificial intelligence contribution into the science world.

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According to this theoretical approach, what matters is not the input output relations of the computer, but also what the program can tell us about actual human cognition ptack, 1994. From this point of view, artificial intelligence can not only give a commercial or business world the advantage, but also a understanding and enjoyable beneficial extend to everyone who knows how to use a pocket calculator. It can outperform any living mathematician at multiplication and division, so it qualifies as intelligent under the definition of artificial intelligence. This fact does not entertain the psychological aspect of artificial intelligence, because such computers do not attempt to mimic the actual thought processes of people doing arithmetic crawford, 1994.

On the other hand, ai programs that simulate human vision are theoretical attempts to understand the actual processes of human beings and how they view and interpret the outside world. A great deal of the debate about artificial intelligence confuses the two views, so that sometimes success in artificial intelligence's practical application is supposed to provide structured or theoretical understanding in this branch of science known as cognitive science. Early chess playing programs tried to mimic the thought processes of actual chess players, but they were not successful. Ignoring the thoughts of chess masters and just using the much greater computing powers of modern hard wares have achieved more recent successes.

This approach, called brute force, comes from the fact that specially designed computers can calculate hundreds of thousands or even millions of moves, which is something no human chess player can do matthys, 1995. The best current programs can beat all but the very best chess players, but it would be a mistake to think of them as substantial information to artificial intelligence's cognitive science field ptacek, 1994. They tell us almost nothing about human cognitions or thought processes, except that an electrical machine working on different principles can outdo human beings in playing chess, as it can defeat human beings in doing arithmetic.

Assuming that artificial intelligence's practical applications, or aipa, is completely successful and that society will soon have programs whose performance can equal or beat that of any human in any comprehension task at all. Assume machines existed that could not only play better chess but had equal or better comprehension of natural languages, write equal or better novels and poems, and prove equal or better math and science equations and solutions. What should society make of these results? even with the cognitive science approach, there are some further distinctions to be made. The most influential claim is if scientists programmed a digital computer with the right programs, and if it had the right inputs and outputs, then it would have thoughts and feelings in exactly the same sense in which humans have thoughts and feelings.

In accordance to this view, the computer programming and aics program is not just mimicking intelligent thought patterns, it actually is going through these thought processes. So if there were an aipa program that appropriately matched human cognition, scientists would artificially have created an actual mind. It seems that artificial intelligence is possibly a program that will one day exist. The mind is just the program in hardware of the human brain, but this created mind could also be programmed into computers manufactured by ibm. However, there is a big difference from artificial intelligence and various forms of aics. Though, it is the weakest claim of artificial intelligence stating that the appropriately programmed computer is a tool that can be used in the study of human cognition.

By attempting to impersonate the formal structure of cognitive processes on a computer, we can better come to understand cognition. From this weaker view, the computer plays the same role in the study of human beings that it plays in any other discipline taubes, 1995 crawford, 1994. We use computers to simulate the behavior of weather patterns, airline flight schedules, and the flow of money in things. No one began programming any of these computer operations so the computer program literally makes brainstorms, or that the computer will literally take off and fly to san diego when we are doing a computer simulation of airline flights. Also, no one thinks that the computer simulation of the flow of money will give us a better chance at preparing for things like the great depression. To stand by the weaker conception of artificial intelligence, society should not think that a computer simulation of cognitive processes actually did any real thinking.

According to this weaker, or more cautious, version of aics, we can use the computer to do models or simulations of mental processes, as we can use the computer to do simulations of any other process as long as we write a program that will allow us to do so. Since this version of aics is more cautious, it is probably safe to assume that it is less likely to be controversial, and more likely to be heading towards real possibilities. 28, futurist, 1 jan 1994, pp.38 taubes, gary, the rise and fall of thinking machines, vol. They were produced by question setters, primarily for the benefit of the examiners. There may be many other good ways of answering a given exam question! the solution notes for the most recent two years worth of examinations are held back by the department and only made available to supervisors and other teaching staff marked with . Supervisors are instructed not to release hardcopy or electronic versions of these notes to students, although they may be shown to students during supervisions when helpful. Current brain interface devices require deliberate conscious thought some future applications, such as prosthetic control, are likely to work effortlessly.

It includes people,procedure,hardware,software,data and knowledge needed to develop computer systems and machines that demonstrated characteristics of intelligence.it is related to the similar task of using computers to understand human intelligence, but ai does not have to confine itself to methods that are biologically observable. Intelligence is basically the computational part of the ability to achieve goals in the world. Varying kinds and degrees of intelligence occur in people, many animals and some machines.there is no solid definition of intelligence relating it to human intelligence. The problem is that it cannot yet be characterize in general what kinds of computational procedures can be called intelligent. Sometimes artificial intelligence is about simulating human intelligence but not always.on the one hand, we can learn something about how to make machines solve problems by observing other people or just by observing our own methods.

On the other hand, most work in ai involves studying the problems the world presents to intelligence rather than studying people or animals. Ai textbooks define the field as the study and design of intelligent agents where an intelligent agent is a system that perceives its environment and takes actions that maximize its chances of success. Source normalized impact per paper snip: 1.869 ℹ source normalized impact per paper snip: 2014: 1.869 snip measures contextual citation impact by weighting citations based on the total number of citations in a subject field.

Scimago journal rank sjr: 0.915 ℹ scimago journal rank sjr: 2014: 0.915 sjr is a prestige metric based on the idea that not all citations are the same. Sjr uses a similar algorithm as the google page rank it provides a quantitative and a qualitative measure of the journal’s impact. Impact factor: 2.019 ℹ impact factor: 2014: 2.019 the impact factor measures the average number of citations received in a particular year by papers published in the journal during the two preceding years. © thomson reuters journal citation reports 2015 5 year impact factor: 2.037 ℹ five year impact factor: 2014: 2.037 to calculate the five year impact factor, citations are counted in 2014 to the previous five years and divided by the source items published in the previous five years. © journal citation reports 2015, published by thomson reuters artificial intelligence in medicine publishes original articles from a wide variety of interdisciplinary perspectives concerning the theory and practice of artificial intelligence ai in medicine. Particular attention is given to: bull intelligent devices and instruments bull automated reasoning and metareasoning in medicine how should a general reasoner mathematically model states of the physical world? miri focuses on ai approaches that can be made transparent e.g. Precisely specified decision algorithms, not genetic algorithms , so that humans can understand why the ais behave as they do.