A seminar paper is a record of what you say to the group about a topic you have studied. Preparing a seminar paper gives you practice in technical writing which will help you when you write your thesis. For information on format see the instructions at the end of each issue of the asian journal of energy environment. The title of your seminar paper should state your topic exactly in the smallest possible number of words. Put your name, your id number, the name of your department, and the name of your university under the title.

The abstract should state clearly: the problem studied, the method used, the main results, the main conclusions. Do not put information in the abstract which is not in the main text of your paper. The main text of your paper should be divided into sections, each with a separate heading. This section should review the background of your topic and give an outline of the contents of your paper. You should get the information for your paper from various sources, such as books, journals, lecture notes, etc.

you must not copy text written by other authors. instead, select only the information you need and summarize this information in your own words. Write mathematical equations in the simplest possible way so that they can be typed easily. You must give references to all the information that you obtain from books, papers in journals, and other sources. Put a list of references, numbered as in the main text, at the end of your paper.

The information you give in this list must be enough for readers to find the books and papers in a library or a data base. For a journal paper give:

the names of the authors, the year of publication, the title of the paper, the title of the journal, the volume number of the journal, the first and last page numbers of the paper. for a book give:

for an internet reference give:

the author of the web page, the date of the web page, the title of the web page, the complete url. every reference in your main text must appear in the list at the end of your paper, and every reference in the list must be mentioned in your main text. The reader should be able to understand the table by reading the caption without looking at the main text.

The reader should be able to understand the figure by reading the caption without looking at the main text. This will define your topic clearly and focus your mind on exactly what you want the paper to contain. Search the literature and select the references on which the contents of yor paper will be based. The sections and subsections will contain not only material collected from other sources but also accounts of new work you have done: your observations, analysis of data, and conclusions. Remember that the reader does not know in advance any of the details of the work you have done, so your account must be complete and easy to understand. the purpose of the research proposal is to show your examiners that you can do good research for your thesis.

Law of Persons Past Exam Papers

The proposal must be a well written document like an extended paper or a thesis containing a thorough study of your research topic. Give an account of the recent work done by other researchers, and what important questions still remain unanswered. Show what ideas you have for new research to find the answers to some of these questions. Give details of the new information you will seek, the materials to be used, the equipment needed, the observations and measurements to be made, how the data will be analysed. It is better to overestimate costs than to underestimate them in order to avoid a shortage of funds before the work is finished. A thesis is a complete record of the research you have done for a postgraduate degree.

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It should contain title page, abstract, acknowledgements, contents a list of chapters and sections , list of tables, list of figures, list of symbols and abbreviations, chapters divided into sections all with separate headings, references, appendix if needed. references must be made in the main text of your thesis wherever you refer to the work of other researchers, or use information from other sources. The references are made by giving the names of the authors and the years of publication in the main text. In a thesis with a large number of references this method is easier to manage than the method using index numbers. The full references are listed at the end of the thesis in alphabetical order of the authors' names. the first chapter should give: the general background of your work, a review of the work done by other people, the objective of your own work, the reasons why your work is interesting and useful.

the middle chapters should give detailed information about your work so that other people could repeat what you have done, or could do further work starting where your work finished. In these chapters you should explain the theory, describe exactly how you did the work, give the results you obtained. the last chapter should: state the conclusions you have drawn from your work, compare your conclusions with the opinions of other people are your conclusions the same or different? , suggest what new work should be done to answer questions raised by your work and extend our knowledge further.

Dissertation Phd Philosophy

Short scientific articles, such as the sections in a paper or in the chapters in a thesis, have a title and a number of paragraphs. the first sentence in each paragraph indicates what the paragraph is about. scientists at nasa have recently detected the largest ever hole in the ozone layer over antarctica.

Papers on Operating System

The hole in this protective layer is blamed on human made chlorine compounds such as refrigerants and aerosol sprays. chlorine is present in the ozone layer in forms that do not affect ozone. The chlorine gases collect on cloud particles there they are converted into forms that are extremely destructive to ozone. Sunlight over antarctica then triggers the reactions that destroy the ozone. the size of the hole in the ozone layer used to be about 12 million square kilometers covering only antarctica 1985.

The growing hole has reached the tip of south america and is approaching new zealand. this example is based on an article in the bangkok post, 2001. the title indicates 1 that the article is about the hole in the ozone layer and 2 that the hole is growing. the first sentence in the first paragraph indicates that the paragraph is about the detection of the largest ever hole in the ozone layer over antarctica. The remaining sentences in the paragraph give more facts about this topic: that the ozone layer protects us from harmful ultraviolet radiation.