2 question 8 case is compulsory 3 candidates are required to give clear concepts, illustrations,examples and analysis. Multinational corporations contribute immensely for the development of economies in the world. Discuss various methods and modes of entering and operating in international business with merits and demerits of each method.

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What do you mean by risk analysis and, to what extent companies use this tool for framing policies in international business both at the time of entry and operation? 10 4. Write short notes on the following: 10 a balance of payment b free trade agreements c trade barriers d international logistics 5. Foreign direct investment has become an effective resource mobilization avenue as compared to foreign institutional investment. Justify the statement with examples and criteria for selecting investment destinations from investor's point view. Asean region is an attractive destination for india for trade, investment and manufacturing especially, in recent period.

Competitive advantages of nations, propounded by michael porter has a complete functional value management inputs and strategic relevance in today's global business. Case study: 20 pharma offshoring market: a bright future for india business process outsourcing, knowledge process outsourcing and legal process outsourcing have dominated indian scene in the current decade. During the close of current decade india will witness an another major sunrise segment in the business, pharma offshoring. Pharmaceutical offshoring in the country is poised to become a $ 2.5 billion, nearly rs. A beneficiary segment, the already booming clinical trials industry, alone will set to become a $ 608 million nearly rs.

Rising r d cost abroad a key driver of offshoringor outsourcing is the rising cost of r d which is forcing majors in the us and europe to look for low cost r d destinations such as india, china and other asian countries. On the uptrend is the offshoring of processes of the entire drug development value chain. Other areas are clinical trials, discovery research, clinical data management, bio statistic, medical writing, marketing and sales. Talent and cost relationship offshoring itself is aided by the rich pharma talent pool of 13.5 million science graduates and the spread of pharma educational institutes. There may be a demand for 1.6 lakh pharma translators by 2010, spurred by increased number of clinical trials that global majors are conducting in the country. Another incentive is the cost of basic production in india, which is up to 50% lower than in the us fda approved plants.

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It can be achieved at 30 50% lower costs than in the established markets in europe. Contract manufacturing worth $ 680 million was done in india in 2008 and may grow at 15%. Tax incentives, though laws on data security and intellectual property related issues have also helped along with approvals of pharma sezs, all enabling the growth of the pharma industry, according to the report of indian pharma offshoring landscape pol. Zinnov's ceo, mr.pari natrajan said, today, pharmaceuticals space is one of the most happening industries globally and india ha the potential to become one of the key global players and also the backbone of offshore services.

The influx of outsourced work from global pharmaceutical companies has given the necessary impetus for the creation of pharma sezs which would be one of the key drivers of outsourced pharmaceutical services growth in the coming years. The domestic drug industry, growing at over 7% cagr is heading towards a $12 billion, nearly rs. All indian companies such as cipla, torrent,cadila, himalayas, dr.reddy's lab and arabindo pharma are physically present in every continent in the world. Rishikesh mandilwar, the director, zinnov, said, clinical trials today dominate the offshoring market landscape followe dby clinical data management. Marketing and sales is the another key component of the drug development value chain and is currently a $ 100 million market, which is expected to grow at a cagr of 36% till 2012.

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Yet, indian pharmaceutical companies need to penetrate further in the generics market in the regulated countries and also increase their investment in r d to gain expertise in a higher value chain process. In the bpo and kpo segments, india was well prepared to focus well before other counterparts and grabbed the business opportunities against its counterparts. A number of drivers such as policies, education, business environment, infrastructure, stability of the government and payment modes play a catalytic role to boost this sector in india. The concern is, will india maintain the current dominant position consistently for the whole decade next? questions: 1. Paper 3 international business amp leisure travel services october/november 2009 1 hour and 30 minutes candidates answer on the question paper read these instructions first university of cambridge international examinations is part of the cambridge assessment group.