This documentation describes the technology behind indexing of websites with scholarly articles in google scholar. It's written for webmasters who would like their papers included in google scholar search results. Detailed technical information is helpful if you're trying to fix an error in indexing of your own website, or you need to make sure that your article hosting product is compatible with google and google scholar search services.

Individual authors if you're an individual author, it works best to simply upload your paper to your website, e.g. W.example.edu/ professor/jpdr2009.pdf and add a link to it on your publications page, such as w.example.edu/ professor/publications.html. Make sure that:

the full text of your paper is in a pdf file that ends with .pdf , the title of the paper appears in a large font on top of the first page, the authors of the paper are listed right below the title on a separate line, and there's a bibliography section titled, e.g. that's it! our search robots should normally find your paper and include it in google scholar within several weeks. If it doesn't work, you could either 1 read more detailed technical guidelines in this documentation or 2 check if your local institutional repository is already configured for indexing in google scholar, and upload your papers there.

University repositories if you're a university repository, we recommend that you use the latest version of eprints eprints.org , digital commons digitalcommons.bepress.com , or dspace dspace.org software to host your papers. If you use a less common hosting product or service, or an older version of these, please read this entire documentation and make sure that your website meets our technical guidelines. Journal publishers if you publish a small number of journals, consider using one of the established journal hosting services, e.g. Aggregators that host many journals on a single website, such as jstor or scielo, often work too, but please check with your aggregator to make sure that they support full text indexing in google scholar. Alternatively, if you have the technical expertise to manage your own website, we recommend the open journal systems ojs software that's available for download from the public knowledge project pkp. If you use a smaller journal hosting service, or if you maintain your own custom website, please read this entire documentation and make sure that your website meets our technical guidelines. Content guidelines google scholar includes scholarly articles from a wide variety of sources in all fields of research, all languages, all countries, and over all time periods.

Chances are that your collection of research papers will be a welcome addition to the index. To be considered for inclusion, the content of your website needs to meet the two basic criteria. Scholarly articles the content hosted on your website must consist primarily of scholarly articles journal papers, conference papers, technical reports, or their drafts, dissertations, pre prints, post prints, or abstracts. Content such as news or magazine articles, book reviews, and editorials is not appropriate for google scholar. Documents larger than 5mb, such as books and long dissertations, should be uploaded to google book search google scholar automatically includes scholarly works from google book search. To be included, your website must make either the full text of the articles or their complete author written abstracts freely available and easy to see when users click on your urls in google search results.

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Your website must not require users or search robots to sign in, install special software, accept disclaimers, dismiss popup or interstitial advertisements, click on links or buttons, or scroll down the page before they can read the entire abstract of the paper. Sites that show login pages, error pages, or bare bibliographic data without abstracts will not be considered for inclusion and may be removed from google scholar. Crawl guidelines google scholar uses automated software, known as robots or crawlers , to fetch your files for inclusion in the search results. Your website needs to be structured in a way that makes it possible to crawl it in this manner. In particular, automatic crawlers need to be able to discover and fetch the urls of all your articles, as well as to periodically refresh their content from your website.

You must be able to search for and find words in the document using adobe acrobat reader. To index larger files, or to index scanned images of pages that require ocr, please upload them to google book search. Browse interface a browse interface is necessary for the search robots to discover the urls of your articles. We recommend that the url of every article is reachable from the homepage by following at most ten simple html links. Here're several common ways to organize a website that make it easy for the search robots to find and index all of the articles. If you're hosting a small collection of publications, such as papers written by a single author or a small group, then we recommend that you list all articles on a single html page, such as w.example.edu/ professor/publications.html, and include links to their full text in the pdf format. If your website has thousands of papers or more, the best way to make sure they're all discovered by the search robots is to provide a way to list them by the date of publication or the date of record entry.

Other forms of browse interfaces, such as browse by author or by keyword, often generate more urls than your website can deliver to the search robots in a reasonable amount of time. For websites with more than a hundred thousand papers, we recommend that you create an additional browse interface that lists only the articles added in the last two weeks. This smaller set of webpages can be recrawled more frequently than your entire browse interface, which will facilitate timely coverage of your recent papers by the search robots. Keep in mind that the use of flash, javascript, or form based navigation makes it hard for our automated system to find your articles.