A safe way to avoid plagiarism in essays, especially for anyone not familiar with mla modern language association format, is to cite material from outside sources in the form of direct quotes. the information below will aid you in setting up your direct quotes properly in mla format. parts of a direct quote the source this could be an article from a magazine, newspaper, journal, a book, etc. place quotation marks around article titles within magazines, newspapers, journals, etc. italicize the names of books, magazines, newspapers, journals, etc. example article in the article living green is easy, example book in the book living green is easy, the author, if there is one most sources have an author listed, but some do not. use the author’s full name if there is one. if not, omit the author’s name and use the title of article or book. for four or more authors, use the first author listed followed by et al. This is french for and others, others who helped to write the article or book.

example one author john smith acknowledges, example no author the article living green is easy acknowledges, example two authors john smith and mary jackson acknowledge, example four or more authors john smith et al. Acknowledge, tag words verbs used to introduce a direct quote. the verbs used should be in present tense and use subject verb agreement based on the number of authors. examples of tag words: acknowledges, adds, asserts, believes, confirms, disagrees, discusses, emphasizes, mentions, notes, points outs, refutes, says, states, suggests, thinks, wonders, etc. example the bold word is a tag word: john smith in the article living green is easy emphasizes.

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Adults, and even children, can make a difference by participating in the recycling efforts in their own community. it just takes one step. get started smith 14. the directly quoted passage this is the passage that you, the student, take from the source and add to your essay. the passage must be exactly word for word as it is written in the source. add quotation marks before and after the directly quoted passage. example: living for a book with no author, italicize the first major keyword s from the book title and add a page number. example: living 14 one of our goals for this blog is to convey that following the guidelines of apa style need not restrict your flexibility as a writer. Because of space limitations, many style points illustrated in the apa publication manual show only one or two examples.

Palladino and wade’s 2010 results indicate that a flexible mind is a healthy mind p.

of course, these are just a few of the possible wordings for this sentence. Each of these examples properly cites the direct quotation, but i 39 ve varied the placement of the citation information. By changing the order of information in the sentence, i can choose what information to emphasize.

For example, because example 2 begins with in 2010, you might use it if your greater context for this quote is to indicate the timeliness of the research in your literature review. Or, you might find the quote so striking that you want to begin the sentence with it, as in example 4, to make the most impact. Or, you may be considering the readability and transitions from one sentence to the next.

For example, if you ended the previous sentence with palladino and wade, you would probably not want to begin the next with palladino and wade, which would rule out example 5. You might instead choose example 2, but change the names to they: this idea was recently explored by palladino and wade 2010.

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this page is brought to you by the owl at purdue . This handout is intended to help you become more comfortable with the uses of and distinctions among quotations, paraphrases, and summaries.

This handout compares and contrasts the three terms, gives some pointers, and includes a short excerpt that you can use to practice these skills. contributors: dana lynn driscoll, allen brizee last edited: 2013 02 15 0:45 this handout is intended to help you become more comfortable with the uses of and distinctions among quotations, paraphrases, and summaries.

what are the differences among quoting, paraphrasing, and summarizing?

these three ways of incorporating other writers' work into your own writing differ according to the closeness of your writing to the source writing. quotations must be identical to the original, using a narrow segment of the source. They must match the source document word for word and must be attributed to the original author. paraphrasing involves putting a passage from source material into your own words.

Paraphrased material is usually shorter than the original passage, taking a somewhat broader segment of the source and condensing it slightly. summarizing involves putting the main idea s into your own words, including only the main point s. Once again, it is necessary to attribute summarized ideas to the original source. Summaries are significantly shorter than the original and take a broad overview of the source material.

why use quotations, paraphrases, and summaries?

quotations, paraphrases, and summaries serve many purposes. As part of a summary of an article, a chapter, or a book, a writer might include paraphrases of various key points blended with quotations of striking or suggestive phrases as in the following example: in his famous and influential work the interpretation of dreams.

Sigmund freud argues that dreams are the royal road to the unconscious page , expressing in coded imagery the dreamer's unfulfilled wishes through a process known as the dream work page . According to freud, actual but unacceptable desires are censored internally and subjected to coding through layers of condensation and displacement before emerging in a kind of rebus puzzle in the dream itself page .

how to use quotations, paraphrases, and summaries

practice summarizing the essay found here. It might be helpful to follow these steps: read the entire text, noting the key points and main ideas. Consider any words, phrases, or brief passages that you believe should be quoted directly. Remember that quoting should be done only sparingly be sure that you have a good reason to include a direct quotation when you decide to do so. You'll find guidelines for citing sources and punctuating citations at our documentation guide pages.

Essay tips chief writer the basic idea behind paraphrasing is to rewrite a direct quote from a text such as books or journals into your own words, oftentimes to avoid plagiarism. Paraphrases are useful in essays, research papers, thesis, case studies and virtually all academic writings. Paraphrasing means you have to transform a passage from a book or a journal into your own choice of words and in your own ideas. Summarizing means condensing an entire written work, a chapter from a book, or a section of a journal into a concise manner. How to paraphrase a direct quote from a book or a journal requires three simple but useful tools.

Basically, you need to have your own ideas after a careful reading of the text and its sections you are supposed to paraphrase. Since paraphrasing is an integral part of writing effective essays and research papers, a good understanding of the text will enable you to relate what you have read with what you already know, which significanly eases your task of paraphrasing. After reading and keeping in mind the message behind the original text that you'll be paraphrasing, keep the original text away from your view.

Lastly, go back to the original text, cross check what you've written with the original text, and insert the proper citation right after what you've written. If the original sentence is in the active voice, change it into the passive voice. If, on the other hand, the original sentence is in the passive voice, change it into the active voice. > active voice for lengthier sentences, or for an entire paragraph, try to locate the subject and the verb for every sentence in the paragraph and then look for the hint word by. If there's a by in the sentence, no matter how long it is, it is certainly in the passive voice. Reword it so that it becomes a sentence in the passive voice where the subject is the receiver of the action. This brief guide to mla documentation provides you with the basic information you need to correctly acknowledge all of the sources you use in your english essays.