The role of ethics in my life ethics play a role in different people’s lives in so many ways. Having good morals and living an ethical life should be the most important. Introduction the topic chosen by us for our ethics and fiqh for everyday life ungs 2050 assignment is the ethics of islamic life. The main objective of this assignment is to fulfil the requirement for the subject. philosophy 1100: introduction to ethics the writing of essays in which you argue in support of a position on some moral issue is not something that is intrinsically difficult. However such essays may be rather different from those that you have written before.

What i want to do in this handout, accordingly, is to describe some of the more important characteristics of such essays, and to offer some suggestions which you may find helpful. A clear, concise, informative introduction a good introduction is short and to the point. You should indicate exactly what your topic is, and the view that you intend to defend.

You should also tell the reader how your discussion will be structured, so that he or she knows from the very beginning the general lines along which you will be arguing in support of your conclusion. Finally, you should do these things as concisely as possible, so that you can get on with the business of defending the view that you are setting out on the moral issue in question. I shall defend an extreme anti abortion position by arguing, first, that no satisfactory rationale can be offered for any moderate position on abortion, and secondly, that an extreme pro abortion position cannot be accepted without also accepting infanticide.

A person who reads this introductory paragraph knows exactly what view you will be defending, the general lines along which you will be arguing in defense of that view, and the overall structure of your essay. The offering of reasons for your view after setting out your thesis, and outlining your overall approach in the introductory paragraph, you need to have a section in which you offer reasons for accepting the view that you are advancing. Each reason should be set out in the form of an explicit, step by step argument, so that the reader can see right off both what your assumptions are, and how they are supposed to support your conclusion. Moreover, if you are offering more than one consideration in support of your thesis, it is important that different considerations not be mixed together in a single paragraph. Different arguments require at least separate paragraphs and preferably, separate subsections, each clearly labeled with an appropriate heading.

For the latter will not only help the reader to follow your argument: it will help you to think more clearly about the arguments you're offering. How many reasons should you offer in support of your thesis? it is best to confine yourself to either one, or at most two, supporting arguments. If you offer more arguments, there is a serious danger both that you will not set out any of the arguments in a sufficiently detailed way, and that you will not discriminate between interesting arguments in support of your thesis, and arguments that are at best marginal. In short, choose your best one or two arguments, and develop that argument or arguments in a detailed and circumspect way. Have i set out an argument or at most two arguments to provide reasons for thinking that my thesis is true? 2. Have i developed my argument in a full and detailed way, so that all of my reasoning is clear to the reader? 3. Consideration of objections to your arguments after offering reasons for accepting your view, you need to consider objections.

First, there are objections that are directed against the reasons that you have offered in support of your thesis, and which claim, therefore, either that some of your assumptions are implausible, or that some of your reasoning is unsatisfactory. Secondly, there are objections that are directed against your conclusion, and which attempt to provide reasons for thinking that the view which you are advancing is false. Objections of the first sort are especially crucial, and your main obligation is to address such objections.

The reason is that if all that you do is to rebut objections to your thesis, and you fail to consider objections to your argument, then you haven't shown that you have made out a satisfactory positive case in support of your thesis. How do you arrive at interesting objections to your own arguments? the crucial thing is to look carefully at the assumptions that you have made, and to ask yourself which of those are controversial, in the sense that they might well be questioned by an intelligent, thoughtful, and well informed person. Having located a controversial assumption, you need to consider why a thoughtful person might disagree with it, and then try to respond to that objection. Have i carefully set out the most important objection to each of my arguments? 2. Consideration of objections to your thesis after you have carefully considered objections to your argument or arguments , the next important task is to consider objections which, rather than being directed against the reasons that you have offered in support of your view, are directed instead against your view itself, and which attempt to show that your view is incorrect.

Here you need to set out any such objection or objections in a clear, careful, and dispassionate fashion, and then indicate why you think the objection in question is unsound. How many objections to your thesis should you attempt to consider? here, as elsewhere, trying to cover too much ground can result in a weak and superficial discussion. Have i considered the most important objection against the thesis that i am defending? 2. Have i responded carefully to that objection? at the heart of a paper that examines some moral issue in a critical fashion is the setting out of arguments both arguments in support of your positions, and arguments directed either against some of your assumptions, or against your position itself. Whenever one is setting out an argument, one needs to do so in a careful step by step fashion, so that it is clear to the reader both what assumptions the argument involves, and what the reasoning is that is, how one is supposed to get from the assumptions to the conclusion. One thing that it is very important to avoid is the setting out of more than one argument in a single paragraph.

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For this usually results in too brief an exposition of the arguments in question, and often in a muddling together of the two arguments, thereby obscuring the structure of the reasoning. Are my arguments carefully and explicitly set out so that both all of my assumptions, and my reasoning, are clear? 2. Logical and perspicuous structure a crucial factor that makes for a good essay is the presence of a logical and perspicuous structure.

So it's important to ask how one can both organize one's discussion in a logical fashion, and make that organization perspicuous to the reader. The structure will be clear to the reader if you begin with an introductory paragraph of the sort described above, and then go on, first, to divide your essay up into sections and possibly also subsections , and secondly, to use informative headings to mark out those sections and subsections. The reader will then be able to see at a glance how you have structured your discussion. What makes for logical organization? if you do the things mentioned above, in sections i through iv, in the order discussed, the result will be an essay whose overall logical organization is very strong.

That is to say, start by setting out your thesis, and outlining your overall approach in the introductory paragraph. Follow this with a section in which you offer reasons for accepting the view that you are advancing. In the first, set out, and respond to, objections that are directed against any controversial assumptions that you have made in arguing in support of your own view. Then, in the second, consider objections that might be directed against your thesis itself. This is primarily a matter of setting out arguments in a step by step fashion, and of discussing different arguments in different subsections, as discussed above in section v. Have i made the overall structure of my essay clear by using informative headings for sections and subsections? 7. Dispassionate and unemotional discussion another very important feature of a good essay is that the discussion be dispassionate, and that one avoid formulating either the issue, or relevant arguments, in a biased and/or emotionally charged way.

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