2.2 outline ways to help children to develop communication and language skills parents play a critical role in a child's language and communication development. It is thought that children who are read to and spoken with during early childhood, will have a larger vocabulary and better grammar than those who aren't. There are also non verbal ways to communicate like listening, looking and touching. There are many ways to nurture your childs language and communication development. Being able to communicate and express ones self can build self confidence, self esteem and the knowing of ones self and surroundings talking to your child, tell your child what is going to happen for example, now we're going to take a bath.

Parents can start with simple board books and progress to picture books and longer stories as their child gets older. Story times where they can use their imagination and have an input in the stories are also effective. Repeat there babbles and laughs back to them, ask questions and interact with them.

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If the child seems interested in a picture in a book, by talking about it and discussing it, this helps the child to develop an interest. When they listen to lively songs or rhymes they learn about the world around them and the rhythm of language. Repeat their statements back to them with the correct pronunciation or word usage.

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Try not to pressure or expect to much from your child as this can discourage them in exceeding. Some educational programs can be beneficial to kids but tv shows don't interact or respond to. Nurses largely affect society in the health care system by helping, supporting and caring for an individual, a whole family or even an entire community.

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While in the medical surroundings, the nurse becomes the primary contact for the patient in care and spends a lot of time with them. Before approaching a nursing care situation a nurse needs to clear all judgments and respect every individual, as there are many different religions, morals and personal beliefs in the world today. Therefore nurses need to develop the ability of quality communication skills which helps to create great interpersonal relationship skills in nursing. Communication and interviewing are both skills needed to develop interpersonal relationships within the nursing environment. Module: communication and empowerment this assignment sets out to explore the use of communication skills and value in social work according to three interconnected dimensions. The first section discusses the importance of communication in the practice of social work – including building a rapport with service users and carers, and the importance of empowerment.

The second section identifies and explains the centrality of effective communication skills such as negotiation, interviewing and self awareness. After this, part three considers the impact of personal and professional values on communication. This includes traditional and radical values in social work practice and the effects of communication in ethical dilemmas. This first section discusses the importance of communication and empowerment in social work practice with service users, carers and other professionals. Communication is defined in the oxford english dictionary 2013 as ‘the imparting or exchanging of information by speaking, writing, or using some other medium’. It cannot be described in such narrow terms within social work because of the different techniques involved in working with different service users in a multitude of situations.

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This involves social workers making judgements and getting to know the service user in order to communicate efficiently to the service users preferred method of communication wilson et al, 2008. Communication in social work practice is central to all inter agency working and to building relationships with service users and carers. Good communication as a social worker requires the expertise to be both sensitive and understanding of their situation in order to build rapport with the individual trevethick, 20. Rapport is how the social worker contacts and engages with the service user and carers. Developing a rapport starts with an introduction which forms the basis of the relationship, particularly as it is important to gain an understanding of the service user. This involves discussing their background, values, culture and needs, which will help develop the rapport knapp, 2009.

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The fundamentals of communication in social work are voice and speech, body language, hearing, observing, encouraging and remembering. These skills can be used in introductions with service users and their families/ carers. Introductions can be uncomfortable and worrying for the service user if they are unsure what a social worker is there for and it depends on their previous experiences, if any. To ease this process an introduction exercise can be implemented – for example a genogram can be drawn by asking the family to collectively describe each family member in the house and those they would describe as their support and closest to them. Put simply, a genogram is a very detailed family tree using symbols to represent relationships parker and bradley, 2010. This will help build a relationship with the service user as well as gain information and observe their reactions body language when working together and when talking about family and friends.

This will show some key skills on the social workers behalf such as, listening, speech, remembering and encouraging. Active listening uses a combination of talking and listening skills to make the service user feel you understand their situation, and encourages them to place trust in the social worker cournoyer, 2011. It involves positive body language and speech to invite/enable the service user to express themselves. More specifically, body language is expression through movement and facial expressions which convey emotion. Social workers should use body language to make service users feel more comfortable but also pay attention to whether the service user is showing signs of aggression, trying to hide something, or seems happy in the situation.

It aims to emphasise the rights and needs of people who may be oppressed by society leadbetter, 2002. Empowerment can be delivered in many forms, for example, personal, organisational, community based, family, group or team empowerment. Personal empowerment helps service users to gain control over their situations and overall empower themselves and others to enable change. Organisational empowerment supports staff in an organisation, promoting morale and motivation in workers so they are happy to take on more responsibilities and go to work. Community based empowerment supports the community to challenge inequalities and exclusion so everyone who lives in a certain society can feel a part of the community and take control of their environment. Family, group or team empowerment focuses on allowing each person in the group to help each other and themselves collectively. They can call on each other for support and help if they need to fight oppressive behaviour adams, 1996.

The second section discusses effective communication skills and how they support anti oppressive practice. Skills are ‘the ability to carry out a particular activity effectively and consistently over a period of time’ thompson, 200. Skills that shape the way social workers communicate are interviewing, negotiation and partnership and self awareness thompson, 2005. An interview is a conversation with meaning and the beginning of change trevethick, 20. Social workers use interviews to collect data and to build a face to face rapport with service users. An interview should be natural and the service user should not feel like they are being treated according to a checklist just going through the process, as this could be seen as oppressive if service users are not treated as individuals.

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The service user should have an understanding of why the social worker is there and has the right to know the process that has taken place to get to the interview. A key skill of interviewing is directing, this means although there should be a steady flow the social worker needs to keep the conversation on the subject that they are there for in a subtle way. This can be done by using phatic conversation as glue to keep it social and help keep a relationship going but redirecting to the main issue so it is a healthy balance for both taking part. It is better to use questions that will not give the service user the answer, especially children because this could create a story that is not exact. For example use, where did you get that bruise? instead of did your mum give you that bruise? open ended questions allow service users to expand on answers and give information that the social worker may not have thought to ask about hepworth et al, 2010. Working in partnership with other professionals requires a level of negotiation when both services have different/alternative ideas of what is best for the service user.