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Of the nearly 4 million graduate works included in the database, proquest offers more than 2.5 million in full text formats. If you have questions, please feel free to visit the proquest web site our writers can help get your essay back on track, take a look at our services to learn more about how we can help. Essay writing service essay marking service place an order because of the complex nature of psychopathy, there is no easy way to define it. According to one such view hart amp dempster, 1997 , psychopathy is a specific form of personality disorder with a distinctive set of social, affective, and behavioural traits. Socially, psychopaths are conventionally grandiose, arrogant, superficial and manipulative. Affectively, they are short tempered, unable to form close bonds with others, and lacking in guilt, remorse and anxiety.

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As is the case with most personality disorders, psychopathy is said to have an early childhood onset and goes on to develop and persist well into adulthood. According to karpman 1948 , primary psychopaths hold the traits of being callous, manipulative, fearless, selfish, and presumably only engage in such conduct because they have little care of others. Secondary psychopaths on the other hand, are impulsive and experience considerable anger, distress and anxiety. They usually only engage in antisocial behaviour as a reaction to emotional stress, which is sometimes referred to as being crimes of passion sellbom, ben porath, lilienfeld, patrick, amp graham, 2005. This therefore leads to psychopaths particularly secondary ones being identified as having extreme impulsivity levenson et al. As a result of disagreements in literature, there are varying interpretations on how to define impulsivity. Moeller, barratt, dougherty, schmitz amp swann 2001 break it down into three possible definitions.

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And thirdly, acting with less forethought or conscious judgment than most individuals would do with similar ability and knowledge moeller et al. All these definitions hold true and so impulsivity can be seen as a combination of all of them. Further, impulsivity can be separated into three main components motor attraction, attention and lack of planning moeller et al. In order to measure our two variables impulsivity and psychopathy we will be using two self report scales which have been well developed and researhed. Because of the nature of this research, it is more practicle to allow particupants to self evaluate through a questionaire instead of interviewing each participant individually. The barratt impulsivity scale bis will be used as a measure of impulsivity among our participants. Initally developed in 1959 by ernest barratt, the bis is a 30 item self report tool used to assess the personality and behavioural construct of impuslivity patton, barratt, amp stanford, 1995.

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The original version was developed as part of a larger attempt to relate anxiety and impulsivenss to psychomotor efficeincy barratt, 1959. A later review of impulsive items revealed that impulsivness was a much more complex construct than first thought, and so barratt reconstructed the scale to measure three subtraits. He labelled these subtraits cognitive impulsiveness, motor impulsiveness and nonplanning impulsiveness patton et al. The second scale to be used is the levenson self report psychopathy scale lsrps levenson et al. The 30 item scale was designed to assess the two forms of psychopathy recognised in literature and their relationships with prosocial and antisocial behaviours. The psychopathy assessment items were designed in such a way to produce similar results to the hare psychopathy checklist pcl r harpur, hare amp hakstian et al. 1995 , a very effective scale designed for the identification of psychopaths on the basis of accrued information and clinical interviews.

Within the 30 items of the lsrps, a proportion is broken down into identifying the two subtypes of psychopathy. The primary psychopathy items were created to assess a selfish, uncaring, and manipulative attitude towards others, whilst the secondary psychopathy items were designed to assess impulsivity and self destructive lifestyle choice. These items were phrased in such a way so as to not influence the response of the participant, e.g.

Although unarguably important, the conceptual association between impulsive behaviour and psychopathy has proven to be naively simplified, especially when dealing with antisocial and aggressive behaviour. People without knowledge in the field frequently and naively assume that there is a simple and direct link between psychopathy and criminal behaviour. The extreme view of this is that all psychopaths commit crimes, and that anyone who consistently engages in antisocial behaviour must in fact be a psychopath.

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This is most definitely not the case berrios, hart, amp hare, 1996, cited in hart et al. Who wrote this essay request removal example essays the aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between psychopathy and impulsivity. Psychopathy will be broken down into its primary and secondary variations so as to compare and contrast the correlations karpman, 1948. A number of past studies have looked into and examined the relationship between psychopathy and various other human attributes, and there has been a general consensus in finding positive relationships.

2001 conducted a study to investigate the relationship between psychopaths, patients with borderline personality disorder bpd , and responsiveness to both pleasant and unpleasant stimuli. Included in the study were twenty five psychopaths as defined by the pcl r, 18 subjects with bpd, as well as 24 control subjects. Found that psychopaths were a lot less responsive to both the pleasant and unpleasant stimuli, with a high percentage showing no startle reflex at all.

Subjects with bpd on the other hand, showed normal levels of responsiveness, which was close to that of the controls. This therefore indicated that there was a positive relationship between psychopathy and fearlessness. The psychopath participants showed little reaction to the stimuli and so were unfazed by what they saw they showed no sign of fear in a situation where a reasonable human being instinctively would herpetz et al. 123456this distinct fact of lack of fear could be interpreted to be linked to impulsivity. If a psychopath acts without thinking, then they are likely to have very little fear of what they are doing, of getting caught, and of the moral implications of their actions. Therefore if there is a positive relationship between lack of fear and psychopathy, then there is also likely to be a positive correlation between impulsivity and psychopathy. This being said, psychopathy and impulsivity are both multi faced constructs, and theory suggests that there would be differences in the relationships between the primary and secondary variants of psychopathy ray, poythress, weir, amp rickelm, 2009.