This essay will explain the advantages and disadvantages of delegated legislation. Delegated legislation is law made by some person or body other than parliament, but with the authority of parliament. What the government has often done, therefore, is to pass an lsquo enabling act setting up the main framework of the reform on which it has decided, and then empowering some subordinate body ,often a minister to enact the detailed rules necessary to complete the scheme. An example of enabling acts includes the criminal justice act 2003 which gives the secretary of state the power to make delegated legislation in several areas. One of these powers enables code of practice to be created for the use of conditional cautions. Local knowledge is usually desirable in deciding what local by laws should be passed. This can be an advantage in instances when emergencies or unforeseen problems require laws to be changed.

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The detail of the delegated legislation can be dealt with by the appropriate minister, leaving parliament as a whole more time to focus on the general principles of the enabling act. Delegated legislation by its very nature concerns specialist technical and/or local knowledge. So it is an advantage for such specialist provisions to be dealt with by those who have this knowledge rather than by members of parliament who generally would not have the required specialist or local knowledge. It is far simpler to amend a piece of delegated legislation than to amend an act of parliament. The main criticism of delegated legislation is that it takes law making away from the democratically elected house of commons.

Instead, power to make law is given to unelected civil servants and experts working under the supervision of a government minister. Accountability issue is the problem that the authority vested in parliament to make law is delegated away from parliament, possibly through a number of lsquo layers rsquo , for example, to a government minister and to a department and then possibly again to a group of experts. The detailed, technical and specific nature of much delegated legislation means that, on the whole, members of parliament do not have the expertise to consider proposed legislation effectively. The large volume of delegated legislation produces about 30 statutory instruments each year which means that it is very difficult for members of parliament, let alone the general public, to keep up to date with the present law.

Although there are advantages in delegated legislation, the disadvantages all concern the issue of accountability because delegated legislation takes law making away from the democratically elected house of commons. Jacqueline, m 5th edition the english legal system marsh amp soulsby third edition outlines of english law advantages and disadvantages of comesa: advantages: comesa offers very extensive benefits and advantages for its member states as well as the business community. Because of its focus on full private sector participation in integration, comesa offers new opportunities for industrial, production, investment, development and trade opportunities not hitherto available under the previous regional arrangements. These advantages are briefly enumerated below: a wider, harmonized and more competitive market no investor can decide to produce any goods without determiing where and how to sell them.

Therefore, the first advantage which comesa offers to governments, investors and producers is the very large market. The national markets will be integrated into one large single domestic market to support new and expanded production and manufacturing. This is perhaps the largest single market in the developed world, aside from south east asia. Comesa, with south africa, has an estimated population of over 360 million people in the comesa region, the business community will have the advantage of the new domestic market for making major investment decisions.

It is also expected that foreign direct investment flows into comesa will significantly increase. The combined elements of a free trade area, a customs union and a common external tariff, will result in tremendous advantages to the business community, particularly those engaged in manufacturing and trade. It is estimated that when the common market is fully realized and trade is more accurately recorded, the share in intra comesa trade in its total global trade will rise to between thirty and fifty percent by the year 2020.

Greater industrial productivity and competitiveness under comesa, the business community is offered greater chances to make more high quality goods available to consumers at prices the people can afford. Eastern and southern africa comprises largely of nations which produce what they do not consume and consume what they do not produce. Was actively discouraged, resulting in insufficient levels of investment taking place in both capital and labour and in low levels of technology transfer and a lack of complementarity between domestic industries. Initially, import substitution programmes were financed from domestic earnings, such as revenues realised from sale of primary agricultural commodities and minerals. As levels of revenue from these sources declined, owing to declining terms of trade and reduced efficiencies in production systems, these countries started borrowing on western capital markets, and from the world bank and imf, to maintain previous levels of consumption.

As many of the countries concerned where at this stage considered to be middle income countries, they borrowed at commercial rates. The borrowed money was usually not used to improve production so real levels of gdp continued to decline while expenditure levels, which had by then risen significantly, as a result of higher debt servicing payments, continued to increase. This package of economic policies has contributed significantly to the economic decline of the region and to africa's gross domestic investment having fallen consistently for the last 20 years, being currently recorded at 17 per cent of gdp. The african continent's share of world manufacturing value added mva rose from 0.7 per cent in 1970 to 1 per cent in 1982 and fell to 0.8 per cent in 1994.

Most african industries have a very low capacity utilisation rate and current structural adjustment programmes have as yet to have a positive impact on the industrial sector. Population is expanding at a rate of around 3.2 per cent, outstripping agricultural and food production and comesa now has twice the population it had in 1965 and more than five times the population it had at the beginning of the century. The region has also experienced, over the last few years, unprecedented droughts, leading to widespread food shortages and famine. There is growing and widespread poverty in the comesa region, especially among the rural communities, aggravated by the decline in expenditures on social services, including health, education and public utilities, nutrition has worsened and mortality continues to increase. There is a major crisis in employment in all countries, especially among the youth in cities and towns.

Unemployment in most countries is as much as 30 per cent or more of the active labour force and under employment is just as serious. The majority of the region's population still dwell in the villages and earn their living cultivating between one and fifteen hectares. The comesa region has also had to contend with civil strife, ethnic wars and political instability which have also contributed to the decline in economic growth. In summary, the economic performance of the comesa region has been rather disappointing over the last two to three decades, with overall economic growth of the comesa region having averaged 3.2 per cent a year since 1960 and only marginally above the level of the region's population growth. By 1993, this region of over 280 million people, which has more than doubled its population since independence, had a total gdp of around us$90 billion, and included fifteen of the twenty three states classified as least developed countries ldc's by the united nations.

The above preview is unformatted text advantages and disadvantages of wired/cabled network a wired network is more reliable and has generally a higher bandwidth is faster. Than a wireless network while it constraints to the availability and length of connection cables, can be more expensive than a wireless network and may not fit specific. Recognition, to obtain feedback from customers regarding a certain product and to indicate introduction of new products.

However it has both some advantages and disadvantages. We search the prices of products before shopping and we generally try to get the cheapest product with same quality. The common market for eastern and southern africa comesa is a regional economic integration grouping of african states. The member states are burundi, comoros, democratic republic of congo, djibouti, egypt, eritrea, ethiopia, kenya, libya, madagascar, malawi, mauritius, rwanda, seychelles, sudan, swaziland, uganda, zambia and zimbabwe. They have agreed to promote integration via trade and to develop human and natural resources for the advantage of their citizens.